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Obama’nın Afganistan Stratejisi: Değişim ve Süreklilik

Journal Name:

  • Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Following the demise of the Cold War, the question of continuity or change in US foreign policy, a country which kept the position of the only remaining hegemonic power in the international system, has found broad acceptance in the literature. In view of that during Obama’s four-year long term in power points of overlap and contradictions between his and Bush’s presidency have been the focus of attention and several heated debates. In order to test these debates the most suitable foreign policy area has appeared to be the US strategy in Afghanistan, a subject that has commonly and closely been related to the concept of global war against terrorism. A closer look at both Bush and Obama’s presidency would reveal that pragmatism rather than choice has played a greater role in the determining US strategy in Afghanistan. In terms of the principle of defence, Obama’s Afghanistan strategy resembled closely to that of Bush’s, while the search for making the adopted strategy more successful and effective has been kept alive. Meanwhile, with the realization that the existing strategy would not work by merely putting security considerations at forefront of attempts to resolve the conflict, new targets have been set up such as paving the way for local elements to control their living environment by strengthening civil capacity in Afghanistan and then turning them into partners who could have a say in the future of their country. Yet again in the area of diplomacy, attempts to reconcile with local elements including the Taliban and efforts to bring the regional actors to take part in the ongoing peace process have become the new strands of the evolving strategy. In view of all these, it is possible to argue that in some respects Obama’s Afghanistan strategy resembles Bush’s while differing from it time to time and producing better results for the US.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Soğuk Savaş sonrası uluslararası sistem yapısı içerisinde egemen güç olma vasfını sürdüren yegâne ülke olarak ABD'nin dış politikasında dönemler arası süreklilik ya da değişim yaşanıp yaşanmadığı tartışmaları literatürde geniş yer bulmuştur. Bu anlamda Obama’nın dört yıllık iktidarı sürecinde Bush dönemi politikalarıyla kesişme ya da çatışma noktaları mercek altına alınmış ve değişik görüşler öne sürülmüştür. Bu tartışmalara belki de en net kaynaklık edebilecek alan, küresel terörle savaş konsepti ile doğrudan irtibatlı olan ABD’nin Afganistan stratejisidir. Bush ve Obama dönemlerinde ABD’nin Afganistan stratejisinin belirlenmesinde tercihlerden çok, pragmatizmin ağırlıklı rol oynadığı sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Obama dönemi Afganistan stratejisi savunma bağlamında büyük oranda Bush dönemi stratejisini devam ettirmiş, ancak bu stratejiyi başarılı kılacak daha etkin bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Diğer taraftan ilgili stratejinin yalnızca güvenlik boyutunu öne çıkararak başarılı olunamayacağı düşüncesiyle, Afganistan’da sivil kapasiteyi artırarak yerel unsurları kendi yaşam alanlarını kontrol edebilen, daha sonra da ülkelerinin geleceğinde söz sahibi olabilen ortaklar konumuna getirme hedeflenmiştir. Yine, Taliban dâhil yerel unsurlarla uzlaşma arayışına gidildiği, diplomatik çabalara ağırlık verilerek bölge ülkelerinin de çözüme dâhil edilmeye çalışıldığı bir sürece girilmiştir. Obama dönemi Afganistan politikasının, Bush dönemi ile kıyaslandığında kısmen birbiriyle örtüşen kısmen de farklılaşan boyutlara sahip olduğu, ancak daha başarılı bir sonuç ürettiği görülmektedir.
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