TÜRKİYE'DE SPOR EĞİTİMİ VEREN KURUMLARİN YENİDEN YAPILANMASI VE HAKEMLİ ÇALIŞMALARIN GELİŞİMİ

Formal Physical Education has started with the establishment of the Gazi Pedagogical Institute in 1932 and starting of the programme in 1933. Until the establishment of the Higher Education Commission (YÖK) in 1982, the aim and objectives of istanbul Atatürk Institute that was established in 1967, izmir Buca Institute established in 1974, and Diyarbakır Institute established in 1978 were to train physical education teachers. In 1974 Ankara 19 Mayıs, and in 1975 istanbul Anadolu Hisarı and Manisa Sport Academies were established in order to train coaches, monitors, sport managers, and sport health practitioners. On the other hand in 1977 Ege University established Scholl of Sport to give similar training on the same lines as academies, and in 1979 Middle East Technical University established Physical Education and Recreation Department to give postgraduate studies in sport and recreation. Until the establishment of YÖK, there has not been any noticeable development in the area of physical education and sport sciences in international standards. Concept of chair in the other science areas has not been realized in physical education and sport sciences. Thus, areas of sport pedagogy, sport psychology, teaching methods, sport biomechanics and other related areas in physical education and sport sciences have not developed. With the establishment of YÖK in 1982, first time the chair concept has been realized in physical education and sport; and formal and standardised education programme has been started. Two chairs, namely Physical Education and Sport Education have been realized with the establishment of YÖK. However, these chair areas were unable to reflect the fast developing of sport sciences, and search for new chair areas has begun. The development and realisation in physical education and sport sciences in today's concepts has been realized with the establishment of Hacettepe University Sport Sciences and Technology Department with 5 chair areas namely Sport Education, Training and Movement Sciences, Sports Health, Psychosocial Areas in Sport, and Sport Organization and Management, and with the conversion of some of the departments in other universities into schools and realization of similar chairs or science areas as Hacettepe University. While the numbers of universities offering physical education and sport science were 10 at the beginning of 1990, the number has increased to 26 by the 1994, and finally to 39 by 1997. With the 1997 figures of The Center of Student Selection and Placement (ÖYSM), there were 3789 female and 10234 male, altogether 14023 students were placed in sport departments and schools, and there were 543 teaching staff were employed. There were 684 refereed articles were published before 1992 in different science areas where it was accounted that rhe majority of the work were in Sport Health. During 1992 and 1996, it was noticed that the majority of 444 refereed articles were in the area of Training and Movement Sciences. It was noticed that before and after 1992 the least number of articles were published in Sport Education. When the figures of the refereed articles and the number of teaching members and staff were taken into account, the ratio of refereed articles per teaching members was 1.58, and when it was considered for the whole teaching staff was 0.35. It was observed that the rapid increase in the number of departments and schools and student intake, has developed a situation where the number of physical education teachers will surpass the number of available teaching positions, and this will create a high unemployment situation. In addition, quality of teaching in sport schools and departments was limited with the number of teaching members available, well established laboratories, limited finance, and facilities.