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DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ - HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞU VE TEDAVİSİ

ATTENTION DEFICIT - HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND ITS TREATMENT

Journal Name:

  • Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2004

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) syndrome is common, with young school age males most frequently affected. The syndrome comprises of hyperactivity, inattention, distractibility and impulsivity. Its prevalence amongst school children is estimated as 3-17%. It is 3-9 times more frequent in boys. The causes are likely to stem from a combination of biological, often genetically determi¬ned neurochemical disturbances. The basal ganglia, particularly the right striatal circuit is found responsible in this disorder. The co-morbidity is high in ADHD. The 1/3 of patients get rid of their symp¬toms by the end of adolescence while in the rest symptoms persist throughout the adulthood. Defects in the dopamin transporter sys¬tem are likely to cause symptoms in ADHD. Some stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) are successful as they act on this system.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Dikkat eksikliği-hiperaktivite (DEHB) bozukluğu oldukça güncel, pediyatri pratiğinde sık rastlanılan sorunlardan biri olup gelişimsel davranışsal bir bozukluktur. Temel öğeleri, dikkati sürdürmede bo¬zukluk ve dikkatsizlik, dikkatin kolay dağılması, hiperaktivite ve dürtüselliktir. DEHB'nin tüm okul çocuklarında ortalama görülme sıklığı %3-17'dir Erkeklerde 3-9 kez daha sık rastlanır ve 6-9 yaş arası çocuklar daha fazla risk altındadır. Hemen her kültür ve ulusta bu bozukluğa rastlanır. Pek çok araştırma, DEHB'nin genetik kaynaklı, multijenik bir bozukluk olduğunu düşündürmektedir. DEHB'li çocukların kardeşleri 5-7 kez daha risk altındadır. Nöro-anatomik açıdan sorumlu tutulan başlıca yapılar, bazal ganglion (sağ striatofrontal devre) içinde değerlendirilmiştir. DEHB'ye pek çok başka psikiyatrik bozukluk eşlik edebilir. Olguların %30'u, 12-20 yaşlarında yani adolesan dönemde bu hastalık belirtilerinden tamamıyla kurtulabilir. Geri kalan kısmında ise erişkin çağda da yakınmalar devam eder. DEHB'nin nörokimyasal temelini dopamin reseptör ve transporterlerindeki bozukluk oluşturur. Tedavide başarıyla kullanılan metilfenidat (Ritalin) gibi bazı stimülan ilaçlar bu sis¬tem üzerinden etkili olur.
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  • 1-4
5-10
  • Turkish

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