The Soviet Union’s Politics of Belief, Moral and Family on Muslims
Journal Name:
- Atatürk Üniversitesi İlâhiyât Tetkikleri Dergisi
Keywords (Original Language):
| Author Name | University of Author | Faculty of Author |
|---|---|---|
Abstract (2. Language):
The Soviet Union regime demanded from people who resided in its land to embrace socialist sentiments, and
asked them to follow the communist ideology. Actually, it enforced people for that. For that reason, belief, moral
and family structure of Muslims who lived in the Soviet Union was intervened; Irreligiousness and atheism were
imposed by the Soviet regime to Muslims. The aim of the Soviet regime was consisting of that to growing a model of
“the Soviet people,” without any exceptions, depriving all Soviet Union’s citizens from belief of God, religious
morals, and family culture. In the direction of this purpose, from kindergarten to higher education, a human made
moral and ethics principles were strived to infuse into individuals which were not based on any spiritual or
religious belief.
The atheism, the belief in the non existence of God, was adopted as the main ideology in the Soviet Union’s
era, primarily Muslims and Christians, and members of the other religions tried to live their religious lifes
secretively and kept it as minimal. When the life style of individuals who were atheist in the Soviet Union was
examined; it was seen that these individuals were honest, simple, civil, loyal to the state, disciplined, observer of the
rights in law. They abided by the rules. However, these Soviet people were honest and of moral principles, generally
because of fear and being oppressed by the regime or it is because of socialist education system’s achievement, or its
because the religious beliefs and consciousness were still surviving in the family and the society? Especially after independence,
this question was the first question which comes to minds. Furthermore, it can be seen that while the
USSR was struggling to create an unbeliever but a moral society, and a educated society, it (the USSR) could not
decide exactly what kind of criterions should be used to decide as the limits of moral and principles of moral. After
a certain time, the USSR allowed to Muslims who insisted in their beliefs to get religious education, but this
religious education was also watched closely the regime.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Sovyetler Birligi rejimi kendi topraklarında yasayan insanların sosyalist düsünceyi benimsemelerini,
komünizm idealini hedeflemelerini istemis, daha dogrusu buna mecbur etmisti. Bu dogrultuda Sovyetler Birliginde
yasayan Müslümanların inancına, ahlakına ve aile yapısına müdahale eden rejim tarafından dinsizlik, tanrı
tanımazlık zorla kabul ettirilmeye çalısıldı. Sovyet rejiminin hedefi, istisnasız her Sovyet vatandasının Tanrı
inancından, dini ahlaktan ve aile kültüründen yoksun birer “Sovyet #nsanı” modelinde yetistirmekten ibaretti. Bu
amaç dogrultusunda okul öncesi egitimden Üniversite egitimine kadar hiçbir manevi ve dini altyapıya dayanmayan
beser ürünü moral ve etik ögretisine dayalı ahlak ve egitim sistemi hayata geçirildi.
Ateizmi, tanrı tanımazlıgı rejimin ana ideolojisi olarak benimseyen Sovyetler Birligi döneminde, basta
Hıristiyanlar ve Müslümanlar olmak üzere diger din mensupları da inançlarını ve dini yasantılarını asgari
boyutta, gizlice yasamaya çalısmıstır. Ateist olan Sovyet bireylerinin birçogunun yasam tarzı incelendiginde
onların dürüst, sade, medeni, devlete sadık, disiplinli, hak ve hukuka riayet eden bireyler oldugu gözlemlenmistir.
Acaba bu özelliklere sahip olan Sovyet insanı rejimin baskısından korktugu için mi dürüst ve ahlaklı idi, ya da
sosyalist egitim sisteminin basarısından dolayı mı, yoksa toplumda ve aile içinde devam eden dini inancın ve
bilincin var olmasından mı kaynaklanıyordu? Sorusu özellikle bagımsızlık sonrası akla gelen soruların basında
gelmekteydi. Ayrıca SSCB’nin inançsız ama ahlaklı, egitimli toplum yetistirmeye çalısırken ahlak sınırlarını,
ahlak ilkelerini belirlemede neyi ölçü alacagına tam olarak karar veremedigi, belirli bir dönemden sonra
inancından vazgeçmedigi Müslümanların dini egitim almasına izin verdigi ancak dini egitimi de sıkı takip altına
aldıgı görülmektedir.
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