You are here

Home » Content

KOLEKTİF BELLEK: İKİ FARKLI KÜLTÜR

COLLECTIVE MEMORY: THE TWO CULTURES

Journal Name:

  • Moment Dergi

Publication Year:

  • 2014
Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
What is collective about collective memory? Two different concepts of collective memory compete—one refers to the aggregation of socially framed individual memories and one refers to collective phenomena sui generis— though the difference is rarely articulated in the literature. This article theorizes the differences and relations between individualist and collectivist understandings of collective memory. The former are open to psychological considerations, including neurological and cognitive factors, but neglect technologies of memory other than the brain and the ways in which cognitive and even neurological patterns are constituted in part by genuinely social processes. The latter emphasize the social and cultural patternings of public and personal memory, but neglect the ways in which those processes are constituted in part by psychological dynamics. This article advocates, through the example of traumatic events, a strategy of multidimensional rapprochement between individualist and collectivist approaches.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Kolektif belleğin neresi kolektif? Kolektif bellekle ilgili iki farklı kavram birbiriyle yarışıyor; bunlardan biri toplumsal bir çerçeve içinde yer alan bireysel belleklerin bir potada toplanmasını, diğeri ise kendine özgü toplumsal bir olguyu ifade eder. Ancak bu ikisi arasındaki fark konuyla ilgili yazına nadiren dâhil edilir. Bu makale kolektif belleğin bireysel ve toplumsal kavranışları arasındaki fark ve ilişki üzerine bir kuramsallaştırma çabasıdır. Bu anlayışlardan ilki nörolojik ve bilişsel faktörlerle birlikte psikolojik etkenleri dikkate almakta, ancak hem beyin haricindeki bellek teknolojilerini hem de bilişsel ve hatta nörolojik yolların kısmen içinde oluştuğu toplumsal süreçleri bir kenarda bırakmaktadır. İkincisi ise, kamusal ve kişisel belleğin toplumsal ve kültürel örüntüler haline gelme biçimlerine vurgu yapsa da, bunların kısmen psikolojik dinamiklerle meydana gelmesinin hangi yollarla mümkün olduğu konusunu göz ardı etmektedir. Bu makale travmatik olay örnekleri üzerinden giderek bireyselci ve kolektif yaklaşımlar arasındaki olası uzlaşmaya yeni ve çok-boyutlu bir strateji getirmeyi önermektedir.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-kolektif-bellek-iki-farkli-kultur.pdf
  • 2
175
211
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

Adorno, T. W.
([1959
] 1986). What Does Coming to Terms With the Past Mean?. In
Hartman, G. (ed.), Bitburg in Moral and Political Perspective (pp. 114-129).
Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Adorno, Theodor W., Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson, and R. Nevitt Sanford.
(1950). The Authoritarian Personality. New York: W.W. Norton. Almond, G. and Verba, S. (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in
Five Nations. Boston: Little, Brown. Almond, G. and Verba S. (eds.) (1980). The Civic Culture Revisited. Newbury Park, CA:
Sage.
Baker, K. M. (1990). Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1986). Speech Genres and Other Essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. (1963). Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics. C. Emerson (ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Bauman, Z. (1989). Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Berezin, M. (1994). Fissured Terrain: Methodological Approaches and Research Styles. In Crane D. (ed.) The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp 91¬116). Cambridge: Basil Blackwell. Berger.
(205)
M^TTIGIltDERGİ
, 2014,1(2): 175-211
Jeffrey K. Olick
Berger, P. L., and Luckmann T. (1967). The Social Construction of Reality. Garden City,
N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor. Bergson, H. ([1896] 1991). Matterand Memory. New York: Zone Books. Bloch, M. (1925). Memoire collective, tradition, et coutume: a propos d'un livre. Revue
Synthese 40.
Bloch, M. ([1939] 1974). Feudal Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bodnar, J. (1992). Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism in the
Twentieth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brint, S. (1994). Sociological Analysis of Political Culture: An Introduction and
Assessment. In Weil, F. D. and Gautier M. Political Culture and Political Structure:
Theoretical and Empirical Studies Vol. 2 of Research on Democracy and Society
(pp. 3-41). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI. Burke, Peter. (1989). History as Social Memory. In Butler, T. (ed.) Memory: History,
Culture, Mind (pp. 97-113). New York: Blackwell. Converse, P. (1964). The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics. In Apter, D. E. (ed.)
Ideology and Discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: The Free Press. Coser, L. (199). Introduction. In Coser, L. (ed.) On Collective Memory (pp. 1-34). Chicago:
University of Chicago Press. DiMaggio, P. (1997). Culture and Cognition. Annual Review of Sociology 23, 263-87. Durkheim, E. ([1915] 1961). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. New York: Collier. Elias, N. (1978). What is Sociology? New York: Columbia University Press. . Elias N. (1991). The Symbol Theory. London: Sage.
(206)
M^TTIGIltDERGİ
, 2014,1(2): 175-211
Jeffrey K. Olick
Fentress, J. and Wickham, C. (1992). Social Memory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gedi, N. and Elam, Y.
(1996)
. Collective Memory—What is It? History and Memory 8 (2),
30-50.
Hacking, I. (1995). Rewriting the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory.
Princeton: Princeton University Press. Halbwachs, M. (1966). The Collective Memory. New York: Harper & Row. Halbwachs, M. (1992). On Collective Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Herbst, S. (1993). The Meaning of Public Opinion: Citizens' Constructions of Political
Reality. Media, Culture & Society, 15(3), 437-454.
Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (eds.). (1983). The Invention of Tradition. New York:
Cambridge University Press. Hunt, Lynn. (1984). Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution. Berkeley:
University of California Press. Johnson, R., McLennan, G., Schwarz B. and Sutton D. (eds.) (1982). Making Histories:
Studies in History-Writing and Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press.
Kâmmen, M.
(1995)
. Review of Frames of Remembrance: The Dynamics of Collective
Memory, by Iwona Irwin-Zarecka. History and Theory 34 (3), 245-61. Koselleck, R. (1985). Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time. Cambridge, Mass.:
MIT Press.
Le Goff, J. (1992). History and Memory. New York: Columbia University Press. Mitscherlich, A. and Mitscherlich M. (1967). Die Unfahigkeit zu trauern: Grundlagen kollektiven Verhaltens. Munich: Piper.
(207)
M^TTIGIltDERGİ
, 2014,1(2): 175-211
Jeffrey
K
. Olick
Neier, A. (1998). War Crimes: Brutality, Genocide, Terror, and the Struggle for Justice. New York: Times Books.
Neisser, U. (ed.).
(1982)
. Memory Observed: Remembering in Natural Contexts. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion —Our Social Skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Nora, P. (ed.). (1992). Les lieux de memoire, Seven volumes. Paris: Gallimard.
Olick, J. K. (1999). Genre Memories and Memory Genres: A Dialogical Analysis of May 8, 1945 Commemorations in the Federal Republic of Germany. American Sociological Review. 64, 381-402.
Olick, J. K. and Levy D. (1997). Collective Memory and Cultural Constraint: Holocaust Myth and Rationality in German Politics. American Sociological Review, 62, 921¬936.
Olick, J. K., and Robbins, J. (1998). Social Memory Studies: From "Collective Memory" to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices. Annual Review of Sociology,
24, 105-140.
Pennebaker, J. W., Paez, D. and Rime, B. (eds.). (1997). Collective Memory of Political Events: Social Psychological Perspectives. Mahweh, New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates.
Pillemer, David B. (1998). Momentous Events, Vivid Memories: How Unforgettable Moments Help Us Understand the Meaning of Our Lives. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Rosenzweig, R. and Thelen, D. (1998). The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life. New York: Columbia University Press.
(208)
M^TTIGIltDERGİ
, 2014,1(2): 175-211
Jeffrey K. Olick
Schachter, D. L. (1996). Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past. New York: Basic Books.
Shriver, D. W. Jr. (1995). An Ethic for Enemies: Forgiveness in Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schudson, M. (1992). Watergate in American Memory: How We Remember, Forget, and
Reconstruct the Past. New York: Basic Books. Schuman, H. and Corning, A. (2000). Collective Knowledge: The Soviet Era from the
Great Purge to Glasnost. American Journal of Sociology, 105 (4), 913-956. Schuman, H. and Rieger, C. (1992). Historical Analogies, Generational Effects, and
Attitudes toward War. American Sociological Review, 57, 315-26. Schuman, Howard, and Scott, J. (1989). Generations and Collective Memory. American
Sociological Review, 54, 359-381 Schuman, H., Belli, R. F. and Bischoping, K. (1997). The Generational Basis of Historical
Knowledge. In Pennebaker, J. W et al. (ed.) Collective Memory of Political Events:
Social Psychological Perspectives (pp. 47-77). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Schwartz, B. (1991). Social Change and Collective Memory: The Democratization of
George Washington. American Sociological Review, 56, 221-36. Schwartz, B. (1996). Memory as a Cultural System: Abraham Lincoln in World War II.
American Sociological Review 61 (5), 908-27. Schweigier, G. (1975). National Consciousness in Divided Germany. Beverly Hills, CA:
Sage.
Shils, E. (1981). Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
(209)
M^TTIGIltDERGİ
, 2014,1(2): 175-211
Jeffrey K. Olick
Somers, M. R. (1995). What's Political or Cultural about Political Culture and the Public Sphere? Toward an Historical Sociology of Concept Formation. Sociological Theory 13 (2), 113-44.
Thelen, D. (1989). Introduction: Memory and American History. In Thelen, D. (ed.) Memory and American History (pp. vii-xix). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Vinitzky-Seroussi, V. (1998). After Pomp and Circumstance: High School Reunion as an
Autobiographical Occasion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Wood, N. (1994). Memory's Remains: Les lieux de memoire. History and Memory, 6 (1),
123-50.
Yates, F. (1966). The Art of Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zelizer, B. (1995). Reading the Past against the Grain: The Shape of Memory Studies.
Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 12, 214-239. Zerubavel, E. (1996). Social Memories: Steps to a Sociology of the Past. Qualitative
Sociology, 19 (3), 283- 300.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com