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The Heavy Metals (Ag, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb) in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Grown in Lake-Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

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  • International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations

Publication Year:

  • 2017

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Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The concentration of the metals; Ag, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb were determined in different parts of beans (Pharsalus vulgaris) grown in Lake-Chad research Institute, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To achieve this, fresh sample of Phaseolus vulgaris were collected in the morning hours. Collection was done in phases or batches. The first phase was collected when the crops were at their tender age (4 - 6 weeks of germination), the second or final phase, was done when the crops were ready to be harvested. Samples collected were washed with tap water, carefully separated into roots, stem, and the leaves. Dried to a constant weight in an oven at 105OC, ground and sieved using a < 2mm nylon sieve, treated using 6M HCl and analyzed. The result showed that, at the tender period of 4-6 weeks of germination, the levels ranged from 0.419 - 0.043 μg Ag/g, 0.784 - 0.263 μg Mn/g, 0.019 -0.003 μg Cd/g, 0.144 - 0.059 μg Cu/g, 0.146 - 0.073 μg Co/g, 0.046 -0.009 μg Cr/g, 0.691 - 0.375 μg Zn/g, 0.069 - 0.034 μg Ni/g, 11.171 - 5.510 μg Fe/g and 0.174 - 0.147 μg Pb/g most of which (the levels) were statistically different at (P < 0.05). These levels were found to slightly decrease at the period of harvesting. At this period which include the seeds, the concentration ranges from 0.299 - 0.024 μg Ag/g, 0.542 - 0.255μg Mn/g, 0.015 - 0.004μg Cd/g, 0.473 - 0.022μg Cu/g, 0.143 - 0.014μg Co/g, 0.01 - 0.005μg Cr/g, 0.644 - 0.367μg Zn/g, 0.219 - 0.002μg Ni/g, 5.505 - 2.598μg Fe/g and from not detectable - 0.147μg Pb/g most of these level were found statistically different at (P < 0.05). The result of this study showed that the levels of the entire elements determined are generally below the permissible levels and are therefore safe consumption. However, the growing popularity of beans and its products in recent years on the basis of its nutritional properties and beneficial effects calls for additional data and a periodical quality control.
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