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Süt Sığırlarında Önemli Mikotoksinler ve Etkileri

Important Mycotoxins in Dairy Cattle and Their Effects

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites synthesized by fungi Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genus. The fungus that produce mycotoxin are present throughout the worldwide. Many mycotoxins exist as natural contaminant in feed and feed ingredients. The main mycotoxins occur risky in dairy cattle are aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone, fumonisin and ochratoxin A. Because of mycotoxin degradation in the rumen, cattle are more resistant to myocotoxins than are monogastrics. Mycotoxins more likely to cause chronic symptoms of increased diseases and decreased milk production in dairy cattle. Also, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone and ochratoxin A pass in milk and cause economic losses. Diagnosis of a mycotoxicosis is difficult in dairy cattle, but mycotoxins should be considered as a potential cause of increased disease and decreased milk production. In this review, important mycotoxins and their effects in dairy cattle were dwelled on.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Mikotoksinler, Aspergillus, Penicillium ve Fusarium türü mantarlar tarafından sentezlenen zehirli metabolitlerdir. Mikotoksin oluşturan mantarlar dünyanın her tarafında mevcuttur. Yem ve yem hammaddelerinde çok sayıda mikotoksin doğal kirletici olarak bulunur. Süt sığırlarında risk oluşturan başlıca mikotoksinler; aflatoksinler, deoksinivalenol, T-2 toksin, zearalenon, fumonisin ve okratoksin A’dır. Sığırlar rumenlerinde mikotoksinleri parçalayabildikleri için, mikotoksinlere tek mideli hayvanlara göre daha dayanıklıdırlar. Mikotoksinler, süt sığırlarında sıklıkla süt veriminde azalma ve hastalık sıklığında artma gibi kronik zehirlenme belirtilerine sebep olurlar. Ayrıca aflatoksinler, T-2 toksin, deoksinivalenol, zearalenon ve okratoksin A süte geçer ve ekonomik kayıplara yol açarlar. Süt sığırlarında mikotoksikozis olgularının tanısı çok zordur, fakat mikotoksinler hastalık sıklığında artma ve süt veriminde azalma olduğunda muhtemel bir sebep olarak düşünülmelidir. Bu derlemede süt sığırlarında önemli olan mikotoksinler ve etkileri üzerinde durulmuştur.
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