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BANKACILIK KRİZLERİ, NEDENLERİ VE EKONOMİK MALİYETLERİ

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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bankacılık krizlerinin oluşumunda makroekonomik istikrarsızlıklar ve bankacılık sektörünün kurumsal kalitesi, dışsal faktörler ve döviz kuru rejimleri ile finansal liberalizasyon ve açık mevduat sigortası uygulamaları etkili olmaktadır. Bankacılık krizleri, finansal maliyetlere ve üretim kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Finansal maliyetler, devlet tarafından bankalara sağlanan sermaye desteğini, mevduat sahiplerine yapılan ödemeleri ve bankacılık sektörünün yeniden yapılandırılması ve rehabilitasyonunu kapsayan harcamaları içermektedir. Finansal maliyetler, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde daha yüksektir ve ortalama olarak ülke GSYİH’larının yüzde 10’unu aşmaktadır. Üretim kayıpları, potansiyel GSYİH’nın tahmin edilen değeri ile kriz döneminde gerçekleşen GSYİH’nın karşılaştırılması ile bulunmaktadır. Hesaplamalar, bankacılık krizlerinin yaşandığı tüm ülkeler için üretim kayıplarının ortalama olarak GSYİH’larının yüzde 15’ine ulaştığını göstermektedir.
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