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Bitkiler, Herbivorlar ve Doğal Düsmanlar Arasındaki Trofik Đliskiler

Trophic Interactions among Plants, Herbivores and Natural Enemies

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Plants, herbivorous ve natural enemies consist of complex trophic relationships. Both herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use plant volatiles when foraging for food. Herbivorous are attracted by the plant volatiles. Plants emit various compound of chemical against attack by herbivore. In response to herbivory, plants emit a blend that may be quantitatively and qualitatively different from the blend emitted when intact. This induced volatile blend alters the interactions of the plant with its environment. Natural enemies (parasitoids ve predators) of herbivore positively affected the result of herbivore feeding in plants caused chemicals. In addition, these natural enemies are used, the signals directly by herbivore, to find hosts or prey. Tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies should be studied for successful applications of biological control.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düsmanlar arasında karmasık trofik iliskiler mevcuttur. Hem herbivorlar hem de doğal düsmanlar, besinlerini bulmada bitkisel kaynaklı kimyasallardan faydalanır. Bitkiler salgılamıs oldukları kimyasallarla herbivorları cezbeder. Bitkiler herbivorların saldırısına uğradıklarında da çesitli bilesimlerde kimyasallar salgılayıp, yayarlar. Bu yayılan kimyasallar, herbivor saldırısı olmadığı durumlarda ortaya çıkan kimyasallardan nitelik ve nicelik olarak farklıdır. Bu sekilde bitkiler tarafından salgılanan uçucu kimyasal bilesikler, bitkinin çevresi ile olan iliskilerinin değisimine yol açmaktadır. Doğal düsmanlar (parazitoitler ve predatörler), herbivorların beslenmesi sonucu bitkilerin meydana getirdiği kimyasallardan olumlu sekilde etkilenebilmektedir. Ayrıca doğal düsmanlar doğrudan herbivorlar tarafından gelen sinyalleri de, konukçularını ya da avlarını bulmada kullanabilmektedir. Basarılı biyolojik mücadele uygulamaları için bitkiler, herbivorlar ve doğal düsmanlar arasında mevcut trofik iliskilerin çalısılması gerekmektedir.
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