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THE EFFECT OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PROGRAM ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

Journal Name:

  • Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi- Niğde Üniversitesi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The aim of the present research was to assess the effect of special physical education and sports activities done regularly on the quality of life of the children with mental retardation. The research group was consisted of 145 children aged between 8 and 12 whose diagnosis were “mental retardation” (according to the results of WISC-R tests and IQ between 50 and 70). The research was designed in pretest-posttest model with control group. The practice group was consisted of 88 children (38 girls, 50 boys) while control group was composed of 57 children (26 girls, 31 boys). As the contents; a special physical education program consisting of warm-up exercises, functional exercises (individual, paired, group staffed, station-race courses) and sports games (paired, types of helping each other, group competitions and games with rules) was applied to the practice group for 2 days a week and 1 hour each day. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used as a data collecting instrument. The data collected at the beginning and at the end of the practice program as group based with the evaluations of the mothers of the children were compared. Independent sample t test was used for the independent comparisons while “paired sample t test” was used for the dependent comparisons. As a result, it was found out that -compared to the control group- there was an increased difference in the general scores and scores of the all subscales of the quality of life of the children who were in the practice group and did physical education and sports activities regularly. However, the difference between the groups was not significant (P>0.05). “Physical Health” subscale of the practice group increased significantly after the program compared to before-program period (P<0.05). Considering the supportive feature of the physical education and sports activities, which are elaborately designed for the disabled individuals for all developmental aspects, it is inevitable that this active mechanism is used as an indispensable instrument in the relevant institutions.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu araştırmanın amacı, zihinsel engelli çocuklarda düzenli olarak yapılan beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin yaşam kalitesine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma grubu , “mental retardation” tanısı alan (WISC-R testi sonuçlarına göre zekâ bölümleri 50–70) 8-12 yaş aralığında olan 145 çocuktur. Araştırma, öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneme modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çocuklar iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Uygulama grubu n=88 (38 kız, 50 erkek), kontrol grubu ise n=57 (26 kız, 31 erkek) çocuktan oluşturulmuştur. Uygulama grubuna haftada 2 gün, birer saat, içerik olarak; ısınma hareketleri, işlevsel egzersizler (bireysel, eşli, grup stafet, istasyon parkurları) ve sportif oyunlar (eşli, yardımlaşmalı, grup yarışmaları ve kurallı oyunlar) bölümlerinden oluşan özel beden eğitimi programı uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama programının başlangıcında ve sonunda çocukların annelerinden toplanan veriler gruplar bazında karşılaştırılmıştır. Verileri analizinde bağımlı ve bağımsız t testlerine başvurulmuştur.Sonuç olarak uygulama grubunda yer alan ve düzenli beden eğitimi ve spor etkinliklerine katılan çocukların yaşam kalitesi genel skorlarında ve tüm alt boyutlarda kontrol grubuna göre artan bir fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Fakat gruplararası fark anlamlı değildir (P>0.05). Uygulama grubunun program sonrasında “Fiziksel Sağlık” alt boyutunda, program öncesindeki düzeyine göre anlamlı şekilde (P<0.05) bir artış olduğu bulunmuştur.
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