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MODERN AMERİKA N ÜNİVERSİTESİ VE İLK İNGİLİZCE BÖLÜMLERİ: ALMAN MODELLERİ VE AMERİKAN UYGULAMASI, 1870-1920

THE MODERN AMERICAN UNIVERSIT Y AND EARLY ENGLISH DEPARTMENTS: GERMAN MODELS AND AMERICAN PRACTICE, 1870-1920

Journal Name:

  • Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2015

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The English department first came into existence in the modern American university; its theoretical apparatus, research methodology and pedagogic practices were directly derived from nineteenth-century German philology. Whereas the post-Civil War educational reformers who constructed the modern American academic system adapted the German university model to fit it to the social and cultural patterns of America, professors in early English departments simply borrowed German philology and method and, without substantially adding to it or altering it, used it over the next five or six decades as the basis intense research publication. This paper aims to show why American professors of English were so enamored of German philology and, more importantly, what kind of research it enabled them to produce. In addition, it will attempt to examine the consequences of the philological orientation of early English departments and to explain why, when the New Critics finally supplanted philologists and their literary historian descendants, philology almost completely disappeared from English departments.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
İngiliz Dili bölümü ilk olarak modern Amerikan üniversitesinde var olmuştur. Teorik aygıtını, araştırma metodolojisini ve pedagojik uygulamalarını ise doğrudan 19. Yüzyıl Alman filolojisinden almıştır. Modern Amerikan akademik sistemini kuran İç Savaş sonrası eğitim reformcuları Alman üniversite modelini Amerika'nın sosyal ve kültürel yapısına uydurmaya çalışırken erken İngiliz Dili bölümlerindeki akademisyenler ise ciddi bir ekleme veya değişiklik yapmadan doğrudan Alman filolojisini ve metodunu ödünç almışlar ve takip eden elli veya altmış yıl boyunca araştırma ve yayınlarının temeli olarak kullanmışlardır. Bu çalışma, Amerikalı akademisyenlerin Alman filolojisine hayranlıklarının sebeplerini ve daha da önemlisi bu filolojinin ne tür araştırmalar üretmelerini sağladığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, ilk İngiliz Dili bölümlerinin filoloji yöneliminin sonuçlarını ve Yeni Eleştiricilerin; filologların ve edebiyat tarihçilerinin yerini aldığı zaman filolojinin İngiliz Dili bölümlerinden nerdeyse tamamen kaybolmasının sebeplerini incelemeye çalışacaktır.
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