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HAGIOS PHOKAS

ST. PHOCAS

Journal Name:

  • Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2016
DOI: 
10.18026/cbusos.19654

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Sainthood, which is accepted as consecrated and relic in Christianity, used to have an important value in Byzantine belief culture. In this culture that varied by region, some common attributions and name similarities draw the attention time to time. It can be clearly seen that Hagios Phokas, accepted sacred in the Black sea region, has an idiosyncratic cult similar with Hagios Nikholaus in the Mediterranean. Moreover, Hagios Phokas is argued for having similar features with Hagios Andreas and Diogenes of Sinope. Hagios Phokas’s canonisation is as interesting as his birth, life and death which constitutes the subject of the study. Phoka, who is thought to be born in Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereglisi) or Sinope (Sinop), is accepted as died in the era of Emperor Traianus (98-117) or in the era of Diocletianus (284-305). Among all this intricacy, one thing is so clear that Phokas is known as helpful, trustful and character-wise. It is also known that he was assassinated in Sinope and many churches were constructed in both Sinope and nearby cities on behalf of his name. In the study, Phokas, Hagios Phokas, Martyr Phokas, Hieromartyr Phokas and Bishop Phokas of Sinope, their identities, misstatements, churches that were constructed for their names and the removal of relics of Phokas into Amaseia (Amasya) after the consecration of him by Asterius, the bishop of Amaseia are discussed. Furthermore it is also aimed to clarify the culture of Helesa that is considered to be related with Phokas and is applied after the 15th day of Ramadan in Sinope.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Hıristiyanlık’ta kutsal sayılan ve rölik kültü açısından büyük öneme sahip Azizler, Bizans inanç kültüründe önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bölgeden bölgeye çeşitlilik gösteren bu kültürde bazen ortak atribüler bazen de isim benzerlikleri dikkat çeker. Akdeniz’de görülen Hagios Nikholaus gibi Karadeniz’de kutsal sayılan Hagios Phokas’ın kendine has bir külte sahip olduğu görülür. Hagios Phokas’ın, Hagios Andreas ve Sinoplu Diogenes ile benzer yanlarının olduğu savunulur. Çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan Hagios Phokas’ın doğumu, yaşamı ve ölümü kadar Aziz ilan edilişi de ilginçtir. Herakleia Pontike (Karadeniz Ereğlisi) ya da Sinope (Sinop) doğumlu olduğu düşünülen Phokas’ın, İmparator Traianus (98-117) Dönemi’nde ya da Diocletianus Dönemi’nde (284-305) öldürüldüğü ifade edilir. Tüm bu karmaşanın yanında bilinen ortak unsurlar arasında Phokas’ın; yardımsever, iyi karakterli ve dürüst bir kişi olduğudur. Ayrıca Phokas’ın Sinop’ta öldürüldüğü ve Sinop başta olmak üzere birçok yerde adına kiliselerin inşa edildiği bilinmektedir. Çalışmada, Phokas, Hagios Phokas, Martyr Phokas, Hieromartyr Phokas ve Sinop Piskoposu Phokas’ın kimliği, ifadesel yanlışlıklar, adına çeşitli bölgelerde inşa edilen kiliseler ve Phokas’ın Amaseia (Amasya) Piskoposu Asterius tarafından kutsanarak röliklerinin Amasya’ya taşınması ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, Phokas ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen, Sinop’ta Ramazan Ayı’nın 15’inden sonra uygulanan Helesa kültürüne de açıklık kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
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Durmuş GÜR-Fatma GÜR
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