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EDEBİYAT ANTOLOJİLERİ VE AMERİKAN EDEBİYATININ İNŞASI

LITERARY ANTHOLOGIES AND THE MAKING OF AMERICAN LITERATURE

Journal Name:

  • Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2017

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Literary anthologies are publicly available and historically significant bodies of writing, not only because they present a fine collection of the nation’s belles letres and artistic tendencies at a certain time in cultural history but also because they represent national and social interests, which characterize imaginary totalities of art, conveying the notion of cultural evolution and hierarchy. The historical, and to a great extent political, significance of anthologies merely lies in the selection processes during which the intellectual elite deemed worthy of being collected and handed down to the next generations as cultural heritage. This paper, therefore, will discuss the significance of anthologies and literary selections in the making of American literary tradition. The discussion will necessarily focus on the ideological and political decision making procedures that intersect and intervene with the literary production and consumption networks. It will be further stated that literary canons often refuse to stay as monolithic structures but instead they endlessly circulate and perpetually modify themselves in accordance with the current ideas and inclinations of the readers and shifting power hierarchies and changing the criteria for selection can’t mean in any way overthrowing the canon and ideology because each and every paradigmatic selection reinstitutes the process of canon formation and power relations that are strongly embedded in the process of production and consumption of art. Consequently, it will be shown that selection of texts as the linguistic capital never represents a consensus of a community of readers or literary elites but it is a product of power relations that created the hegemony of educational institutions, publishing houses and literary intelligentsia. American literary tradition, in this context, was shaped under the leadership of New England intelligentsia derived from historical and political functions of the region dominated by Puritan culture and values. The American character in literature, therefore, became a continuum of Puritan nativism and elitism, which was apparently a political and ideological project that aimed to establish a form of government, laws, private manners and pursuits and a certain type of people.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Edebiyat antolojileri, tarihsel ve kültürel olarak önemli bir yere sahip kamusal metin derlemeleridir. Yalnızca bir ulusun "edebi zevkini" ve sanatsal gelişimini temsil etmezler aynı zamanda, kültürel hiyerarşinin hayali genelleştirmelerini betimleyen ulusal ve toplumsal çıkarlarının da temsilidirler. Antolojilerin tarihsel, ve bu sebeple dolaylı olarak da ideolojik önemli, entelektüel seçkinlerin derlemeye ve bir sonraki nesle aktarmaya uygun gördükleri eserlerin seçiminin hangi ölçütlere göre yapılacağının belirlenmesinde yatar. Bu makale, bu bağlamda, Amerikan edebi geleneğinin oluşumunda antolojilerin ve edebi seçkilerin önemini tartışacaktır. Bu tartışma kaçınılmaz olarak edebi üretim ve tüketim süreçleri ile kesişen ve bu süreçleri biçimlendiren ideolojik ve politik karar verme süreçlerine odaklanacaktır. Tartışmanın ilerleyen bölümlerinde, edebi geleneğin/geleneklerin bütüncül bir yapı arz etmediği, daha ziyade toplumsal ve kültürel dinamiklerin değişen yapısı ile birlikte kendini değişen koşullara uydurduğu tartışılacaktır. Bu nedenle, edebi geleneğin oluşumu, okur ve aydınların seçim ölçütleri ve dünya görüşleri doğrultusunda vücut bulmuş statik bir süreç olarak değil, daha ziyade sürekli değişen ve kendini yenileyen hegemonik iktidar yapısının bir yansıması olarak ele alınacaktır. Bu tartışmaların ışığında, Amerikan edebiyat geleneğinin kuruluşunda, Püriten New England aydınlarının etkisinin yıllar içinde nasıl biçimlendiği, değiştiği, ve yeni koşullara uyum göstererek varlığını gösterdiği farklı kuramcılar ve edebiyat eleştirmenlerinin metinlerinden alıntılarla ortaya konacaktır.
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