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OKUL KUPONU REFORMU, GELİŞİMİ VE EĞİTİME ETKİLERİ: ŞİLİ ÖRNEĞİ

SCHOOL VOUCHER REFORM, ITS DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATIONAL EFFECTS: THE CHILEAN CASE

Journal Name:

  • Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
This article examines school voucher reform using the Chilean case. In 1980, the Chilean military government introduced school voucher reform, which allows parents to enroll their children to private schools, nation-wide in its most complete form. The Chilean case presents us with a unique opportunity to understand educational vouchers due to the comprehensive and continuous nature of the reform. In this survey of the literature, fundamentals of school vouchers are first introduced, and the reform’s application and development in Chile are discussed. Moreover, in order to understand the vouchers’ impact on the education system, decentralization reform and institutional variables such as different school sectors and the rules that govern them are examined. The results show that school voucher reform interacts with decentralization, different school sectors borne of voucher reform are socio-economically segregated, and that the reform could not deliver the expected nation-wide improvements in primary education to date.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu makalede okul kuponu reformu Şili örneği ile incelenmiştir. Şili askeri yönetimi 1980’den itibaren velilerin çocuklarını isterlerse özel okula yazdırmalarını sağlayan eğitim kuponu sistemini tüm ana özellikleri ile benimseyerek ülke çapında uygulamıştır. Uygulamanın kapsamı ve sürekliliği nedeniyle Şili örneği eğitimde kupon sistemini anlamak için eşşiz bir fırsat sunar. Bu literatür taramasında öncelikle ilköğretimde kupon reformu ana özellikleri ile tanıtılmış, Şili’de okul kuponu refromunun zaman içinde uygulanış ve gelişim süreçleri anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca, kupon reformunun eğitim sistemi üzerindeki sonuçlarının anlaşılması için bu reform ile aynı zamanda uygulamaya konulmuş olan yerinden yönetim reformu, farklı okul sektörleri ve bu sektörlerin uymakla yükümlü olduğu farklı kurallar gibi kurumsal değişkenler gerek konu ile ilgili araştırmalar taranarak ve gerekse ikincil veriler kullanılarak irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları okul kuponu reformunun yerinden yönetim reformu ile etkileştiğini, reform sonucu ortaya çıkan farklı okul sektörlerinin sosyo-ekonomik düzlemde ayrıştığını, ve neticede reformun kendisinden beklenen ülke çapında ilköğretimde iyileşmeyi bugüne dek sağlayamadığını göstermiştir.
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  • 37
187-202
  • English

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