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İngiltere’de Fen ve Fizik Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Gelişimi

Professional Development of Science and Physics Teachers in England

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Problem Statement: In this age, the importance of lifelong learning is known very well. Today, it is not possible to continue a profession for years with the training or education that has been followed to get the diploma to do that profession. In many countries teachers are trained with a bachelor degree. It is not expected that teachers can continue teaching only with the bachelor degree in education without any in-service training or professional development. Science and technology changes and improves very fast. Teachers who educate young generations, our future, should follow the changes and improvements in science and technology and adapt themselves into these changes. England is one of the important countries in the field of education. Therefore “How professional development of science and physics teachers is organized and designed in England?” is the problem statement of this research. Purpose of the Study: This research was done to express the professional development programs for science and physics teachers in England. It is important to learn different approaches in different countries in order to get benefit from the good examples. In the field of education, England is an important country. Therefore this country has been chosen as a subject of the research to learn more about the professional development of teachers in England. Method: This is a descriptive study that aims to describe the current situation. In this study, document analysis method was used. Document analysis method is used often in social sciences. In document analysis it is aimed to reach the primary resources. The documents were analyzed and the data were provided after analysis. In document analysis expert knowledge also can be used. In this research by contacting a British researcher, expert knowledge also gathered to reach more accurate and up-to-date data. Findings and Results: There are many professional development programs for teachers in England but there is no national certification or rewarding system. The responsibility to provide professional development programmes for teachers are shared between government, governmental bodies, local educational bodies, school administration, headmasters and teachers. Teacher professional development mainly consists of two parts: programmes for general pedagogical skills and programmes for improving subject knowledge. It is generally accepted that teacher professional development is the main element to have a more effective education. Conclusions and Recommendations: Research associations in England express that there are additional requirements in the nature of science and the professional development of teachers should keep teachers up-to-date about the developments in science. In England there are different alternatives for professional development of science teachers. These are: Continuous Professional Development Pilot Programme for Science, Science Learning Centres, Chartered Science Teacher, Science Teachers‟ Network, My Continuous Professional Development, and Science Education Association.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Problem Durumu: Günümüzde yaşamboyu öğrenmenin önemi herkes tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Artık bir mesleği yapabilmek için alınan temel eğitimle yıllar boyunca bu mesleğe devam etmek mümkün değildir. Pek çok ülkede öğretmenler lisans eğitimi ile yetiştirilmektedir. Öğretmenlerin hiçbir hizmetiçi eğitim veya mesleki gelişim programına katılmadan yıllarca öğretmenlik yapması beklenemez. Fen ve teknoloji hızla değişmekte ve gelişmektedir. Geleceğin teminatı olan yeni nesilleri yetiştiren öğretmenlerin de bu gelişmeleri takip etmesi ve kendilerini yenilemesi gerekmektedir. İngiltere eğitim alanında önde gelen ülkelerden biridir. Bundan dolayı İngiltere‟de fen ve fizik öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişimi nasıl organize edilmektedir?” sorusu bu araştırmanın problemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın Amacı: Bu çalışma İngiltere’de fen ve fizik öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişimlerini tanımlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. İyi örneklerden ve deneyimlerden yararlanabilmek için başka ülkelerdeki farklı yaklaşımları bilmek önemlidir. Eğitim alanında, İngiltere önde gelen ülkelerden biridir. Bundan dolayı, bu ülke araştırma konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma, genel araştırma modelleri açısından var olan durumu, var olduğu şekilde betimlemeyi amaçlayan tarama modelidir. Araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi yöntemi, sosyal bilimlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir. Araştırmada, doküman analizi yapılırken, birincil kaynaklara ulaşılmaya çalışılmış, dokümanlar çözümlenmiş, veriler analiz edilerek sunulmuştur. Doküman analizinde uzman bilgisine başvurmak da izlenen yolardan biridir. Bu araştırmada da, Londra fen konseyinden araştırma konusu ile ilgili deneyimi ve çalışmaları bulunan bir İngiliz uzmanın bilgisine başvurulmuştur. Böylece daha güncel ve gerçek bilgiler toplanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: İngiltere`de öğretmenlere yönelik pek çok mesleki gelişim programı vardır. Ancak ulusal bir sertifikalandırma veya ödüllendirme sistemi yoktur. Öğretmenlere mesleki gelişim programları sunma sorumluluğu hükümet, hükümet organları, yerel eğitim otoriteleri, okul yönetimi, okul müdürleri ve öğretmenler arasında paylaşılmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimi iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: genel pedagojik becerilere yönelik programlar ve alan bilgisini geliştirmeye yönelik programlar. Daha etkili ve kaliteli bir eğitim için öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişiminin temel unsur olduğu genel olarak kabul görmektedir. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Birleşik Krallıktaki araştırma konseyleri fen bilimlerinin doğasında ek gerekliliklerin yer aldığını ve fen öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişmesinin, onları alandaki yeni gelişmeler konusunda güncel tutması gerektiğini ifade etmektedir. İngiltere‟de fen ve fizik öğretmenlerinin sürekli mesleki gelişimini sağlamaya yönelik değişik alternatifler/kurumlar vardır. Bunlar; Pilot Fen Bilimleri Sürekli Mesleki Gelişim Programı, İmtiyazlı Fen Bilimleri Öğretmeni, Fen Öğrenme Merkezleri, Fizik Öğretmenleri Ağı, Benim Sürekli Mesleki Gelişmem ve Fen Eğitimi Derneği`dir.
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