Abdel-Majeed, M. M. (2000). The keyword method: A powerful memory aid to vocabulary learning in the EFL classroom (An experimental study). The E.R.C Journal, 9, 9-27.
Atkinson, R. C. (1975). Mnemotechniques in second language learning. American Psychologist, 30, 821-828.
Atkinson, R. C., & Raugh, M. R. (1975). An application of the mnemonic keyword method to the acquisition of a Russian vocabulary. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 104, 126-133.
Atkinson, R.C. and Shiffrin, R.M. (1968) Human memory: a proposed system and its control processes. In: Spence K.W. and Spence J.T. (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (pp. 89–195). Academic Press, New York.
Avila, E., & Sadoski, M. (1996). Exploring new applications of the keyword method to acquire English vocabulary. Language Learning, 46(3), 379- 395.
Baleghizadeh, S. & Ashoori Tootkaboni, A. (2010). The effect of keyword and wordlist methods on immediate vocabulary retention of EFL learners. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences. 30, 251-261.
Bensoussan, M. & Laufer, B. (1984). Lexical guessing in context in EFL reading comprehension. Journal of Research in Reading, 7, 15-32.
Blachowicz, C. L. Z., Fisher, P. J. (1996). Teaching vocabulary in all classrooms. New York: Prentice Hall.
Browne, C. (2003). Vocabulary acquisition through reading, writing, and tasks: A comparison. Doctoral dissertation, Temple University, Japan.
Brown, T., & Perry, F. (1991). A comparison of three learning strategies for ESL vocabulary acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 25, 655-670.
Bulgren, J. A., Schumaker, J. B., & Deshler, D. D. (1994). The effects of a recall enhancement routine on the test performance of secondary students with and without learning disabilities Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 9, 2–11.
Carney, R. N., & Levin, J. R. (1998). Do mnemonic memories fade as time goes by?
Here’s looking a new! Contemporary Educational Psychology, 23, 276-297.
Chen, Y. M. (2006). The effect of keyword method on English vocabulary long-term
retention of elementary school students in Taiwan. Department of Applied English:
Southern Taiwan University.
Clarke, D. F., & Nation, I. S. P. (1980). Guessing the meanings of words from context:
Strategy and techniques. System, 8, 211-220.
Cohen, A. D. &Aphek, E. (1980). Retention of second-language vocabulary over time:
Investigating the role of mnemonic association. System, 8, 221-235.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal learning and Verbal behavior, 11, 671-684.
Ellis, N. (1994). Consciousness in second language learning: psychological perspectives
on the role of conscious processes in vocabulary acquisition. AILA Review, 11, 37-
56.
Ellis, N. C., & Beaton, A. (1993). Factors affecting learning of foreign language
vocabulary: Imagery keyword mediators and phonological short-term memory. The
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 533-588.
Fuentes, E. J. (1976). An investigation into the use of imagery and generativity in
learning a foreign language vocabulary. Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Hall, J. W., &Fuson, K. C. (1988). The keyword method and presentation rates: Reply to
Pressley. Journal of Educational Psychology, 8, 251-252.
Hall, H. W., Wilson, K. P., & Patterson, R. J. (1981). Mnemotechniques: some
limitations of the mnemonic keyword for the study of foreign language vocabulary.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 345-357.
Hedge, T. (2008). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Hsu, C. T. (2007). Effects of the keyword method on vocabulary learning of elementary school EFL children. Unpublished Master Thesis. Department of English Instruction, Taipei Municipal University of Education.
Hulstijn, J. H., Hollander, M., & Greidanus, T. (1996). Incidental vocabulary learning by
advanced foreign language students: The influence of marginal glosses, dictionary
use, and reoccurrence of unknown words. The Modern Language Journal, 80,
327- 339.
Huyen, N. & Nga, K. (Dec 2003). Learning vocabulary through games. Asian EFL
Journal, 5(4).Retrieved July 23, 2007, from
http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/dec_03_sub.Vn.php
Jones, M. S., Levin, M. E., Levin, J. R., & Beitzel, B. D. (2000). Can vocabulary learning strategies and pair-learning formats be profitably combined? Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 256-262.
Kruse, A. F. (1979). Vocabulary in context. ELT Journal, 33, 207-213.
Laufer, B. (1989). Why are some words more difficult than others? Some intralexical
factors that affect the learning of words. IRAL, 28, 293-307.
Laufer, B. & Osimo. (1991). Facilitating long-term retention of vocabulary: The second-
hand cloze. System, 19, 217-224.
Levin, J. R. (1983). Pictorial strategies for school learning: Practical illustration. In M. Pressley and J. R. Levin (Eds.), Cognitive strategy research: Educational application (63-87). New York: Baywood.
Levin, J. R. (1986). Four cognitive principles of learning-strategy instruction.
Educational Psychologist, 21, 3-17.
Levin, J. R., McCormick, C. B., Miller, G. E., Berry, J. K. & Pressley, M. (1982).
Mnemonic vs. nonmnemonic vocabulary-learning strategies for children. American
Educational Research Journal, 19, 121-136.
Levin, J. R. & Pressley, M. (1985). Mnemonics vocabulary instruction: What’s fact,
what’s fiction? Individual Differences in Cognition, 2, 145-172.
Levin, J. R., Pressley, M, McCormick, C. B., Miller, G. E., & Shriberg, L. K. (1979).
Assessing the classroom potential of the keyword method. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 76, 598-609.
Lin, C. N. (2004). The effects of keyword method on vocabulary learning of senior high
EFL students in Taiwan. Department of English, National Kaohsiung Normal
University.
Marschark, M., Richman, C. L., Yuille, J. C., & Hunt, R. R. (1987). The role of imagery
in memory: On shared and distinctive information. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 28-
41.
Mastropieri, M. A., & Scrugges, T. E. (1991). Teaching students ways to remember:
Strategies for learning mnemonically. Cambridge, MA: Bookline Books.
McDaniel, M. A., & Pressley, M. (1987). Imagery and related mnemonic process:
Theories, individual differences, and applications. New York: Springer-verlag.
McDniel, M. A., Pressley, M., & Dunay, P. K. (1987). Long-term retention of vocabulary after keyword and context learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 87-89.
Meara, P. (1995). The importance of an early emphasis on L2 vocabulary. The Language
Teacher, 19, 8-10.
Mondria, J. A., & Wit-de Boer, M. (1991). The effects of contextual richness on the
guessability and the retention of words in a foreign language. Applied Linguistics,
12, 249-267.
Moore, J., & Surber, J. R. (1992). Effects of context and keyword methods on second
language vocabulary acquisition. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 17, 286-
292.
Nation, I.S.P. (1995). The word on words: An interview with Paul Nation. Interviewed by N. Schmitt. The Language Teacher 19, 5-7.
Nemko, B. (1984) Context versus isolation: Another look at beginning readers. Reading
Research Quarterly, 19, 461-467.
Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Paivio, A. & Desrochers, A. (1980). A dual-coding approach to bilingual memory.
Canadian Journal of psychology, Review of Canadian Psychology, 34, 388-399.
Paribakht, T.S., & Wesche, M. (1999). Reading and incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition: An introspective study of lexical inferencing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 195-224.
Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & Delaney, H. D. (1982).The mnemonic keyword method.
Review of Educational Research, 52, 61-91.
Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & McDaniel, M. A. (1987). Remembering versus inferring
what a word means: Mnemonic and contextual approaches. In McKeown, M. G. &
Curtis, M. E. (Eds.), The Nature of Vocabulary Acquisition (pp.107-127). Hillsdale,
New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & Miller, G. E. (1982). The keyword compared to alternative
vocabulary- learning strategies. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 7, 50-60.
Read, J. (2000). Assessing Vocabulary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Redouane, R. (2010). Assessing instructional methods in L2 French vocabulary
acquisition: Guessing-from-context method versus a word-list method. USH
Journalism Studies, 11, 73-87.
Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. A. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: An
anthology of current practice. New York: Cambridge.
Rodriguez, M., & Sadoski, M. (2000). Effects of rote, context, keyword, and
context/keyword methods on retention of vocabulary in EFL classrooms. Language
Learning, 50, 385-412.
Schmitt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schouten-van Parreren, C. (1991, December). Psychological aspects of vocabulary
learning in a foreign Language. Paper presented at the Vocabulary Acquisition in L2
Symposium, Malaga.
Shillaw,J.(1995).Using a word list as a focus for vocabulary learning. The Language
Teacher 19, 58-59.
Sperling, G. (1960). After image without image. Science, 131, 1613-1614.
Thompson. I. (1987). Memory in language learning. In A. Wenden 8J. Rubin (Eds).
Learner Strategies in Language Learning. (pp. 15-30). Newjersy: Prentic-Hall.
van Hell, J. G., & Candia Mahn, A. (1997). Keyword mnemonics versus rote rehearsal:
Learning concrete and abstract foreign words by experienced and inexperienced
learners. Language Learning, 47, 507- 546.
Wang, A. Y., Thomas, M. H., Inzana, C. M., & Primicerio, L. J. (1993). Long-term retention under conditions of intentional learning and the keyword mnemonic. Bulletin of Psychonomic Society, 31, 545-547.
Waugh, N. C. & Norman, D. A. (1965). Primary memory. Psychology Review, 72, 89-
104.
Wesche, M., & Paribakht, T. S. (1999). Incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition. Studies in
Second Language Acquisition, 21, 181-193.
Wei, M. (2007). An examination of vocabulary learning of college-level learners of
English in China. Asian EFL Journal, 9(2). Retrieved October 2, 2007, from
http://www.asian-efljournal.com/June_07_mw.php
Willerman, B., & Melvin, B. (1979). Reservations about the keyword method. Canadian
Modern Language Review, 35, 443-453.
Yaakub, M. B. (2010). Teaching Arabic as a second language: An evaluation of keyword method effectiveness. Journal of US-China Public Administration, 7, 50-58.
Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com
