You are here

Home » Content

Van Depremi Sonrası Yaşananlar Işığında Sosyal ve Ekonomik Zarar Görebilirlik Çalışmalarının Önemi

Importance and Necessity of Social and Econo-mic Vulnerability Studies For Disasters: Van Earthquake Experiences

Journal Name:

  • Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Similar hazards may produce different impacts. Damage and losses after a disastrous event change by local characteristics and depend on where exactly the event occurs. Underdeveloped regions and countries are subject to more dama-ges compared to developed regions and count-ries. The severity of damage might change even from city to city or within different parts of a city. These fluctuations on the severity of dama-ges for similar hazards prove us that different aspects of vulnerability and vulnerability results should be studied in more detail applying a multidisciplinary approach. There are a large number of studies focusing on physical vulnera-bility related subjects. Main reason for disaster damages go beyond physical vulnerability and physical structure. Especially aftermath of disas-ters are affected by social, cultural, and econo-mic structure of the region. Thus, along with physical vulnerability, social, economic, cultural and environmental vulnerabilities should be main focus area too. Van earthquake which occurred on October 23rd and events (e.g. aftershocks) and experiences since the earthquake prove the importance of studying social and economic vulnerabilities.This study focuses on benefits of determining social and economic vulnerability and analyzing it for better and effective planning and execution aftermath of a disaster based on experiences from the Earthquake. For this purpose, the study analyzes events which have been occurring since the earthquake and discusses how they are related to social and economic vulnerability.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Benzer şiddetteki afetler, hangi toplumda veya hangi coğrafyada meydana geldiğine bağlı olarak farklı sonuçlar doğurabilmektedirler. Her coğraf-ya/toplum kendine has fiziki, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel, politik ve çevresel özelliklere sahiptir ve afetler her ne kadar toplumun büyük kısmı tarafından ağırlıklı olarak fiziksel olaylar olarak görülseler de, meydana geldikleri toplumun içerisinde mevcut olan diğer özellikler tarafından da inşa edilmiş süreçlerdir (Bankoff, 2002). Dolayısıyla bir toplumun/coğrafyanın fiziksel yapısının yanında tüm bu sayılan özellikleri, afetlerin meydana gelişini ve sonuçlarını etkiler (Oliver-Smith ve Hoffman, 1999). Başka bir ifadeyle afetleri ya da hangi toplumların afetler-de önemli kayıplar verdiklerini anlamak için sadece fiziksel olarak ne olduğunun anlaşılması yetmemektedir (Tierney vd., 2001). Çünkü toplumun diğer özellikleri de, o toplumu afetlere karşı diğerlerinden daha fazla hassas kılarak, farklı risklere maruz kalmalarına neden olur (Hilhorst ve Bankoff, 2004:2). Bu durum onların afetlere yanıt verip başa çıkabilmelerini ve hatta afetlerden sonraki iyileşme sürecini olumsuz olarak etkiler (Kolars, 1982; Garcia-Acosta, 2002:61).Bu gerçeğe rağmen, ülkemizde afetten zarar görebilirlik çalışmalarında, çoğunlukla fiziksel zarar boyutuna odaklanıldığı görülmektedir. Zarar görebilirliğin tek bir boyutta ele alınması ve diğer faktörlerin göz ardı edilmesi yeterli olma-makta ve bu yaklaşım afetlerin tam olarak anla-şılmamasına dolayısı ile gerekli tedbirlerin alın-mamasına, planlamanın doğru yapılmamasına ve toplumların afetlere karşı dirençsiz kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu temelden yola çıkılarak, ülkemizin afetlere karşı sosyal ve ekonomik zarar görebilirliği incelenecek ve Van Depremi’nde meydana gelen zarar bu kapsamda analiz edilerek, sosyal ve ekonomik zarar görebi-lirliğin belirlenmesinin önemi vurgulanacaktır.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastrmx_14926_7_pp_.pdf
  • 1
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

AFAD (2011), “Van Depremleri Faaliyet Raporu”, www.afad.gov.tr, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.11.2011).
Anderson, M.B. ve P.J.Woodrow (1998), Rising from the Ashes: Development Strategies in Times of Disaster, Boulder,CO:Lynne Rienner.
Bankoff, G. (2001), “Rendering the World Unsafe: Vulnerability as Western Discourse”, Disasters, 25(1), 19-35.
Bankoff, G. (2002), Cultures of Disasters: Society and Natural Hazards in the Philippines. Routledge, London.
Borden, K.A., (2008), Natural Hazards Mortality in The United States, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina.
Borden, K. A., M.C. Schmidtlein, C.T. Emrich, W.W. Piegorsch ve S. L. Cutter, (2007), “Vulnerability of U.S. Cities to Environmental Hazards”. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 4(2).
Buckle, P. (1998), “Re-defining Community and Vulnerability in the Context of Emergency Management”, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 13 (4), 21-26.
Cannon, T. (1994), “Vulnerability Analysis and the Explanation of Natural Disasters”, Ed. A. Varley, Disasters, Development and Environment, 13-30. London: John Wiley.
Cannon, T. (2008), “Vulnerability, “Innocent” Disasters and the Imperative of Cultural Understanding”. Disaster Prevention and Management, 17 (3), 350-357.
Cardona, O. (2005), “System of Indicators for Disaster Risk Management”, Program for Latin America and the Caribbean, Main Technical Report, IADB, Washington DC.
Cutter, S.L. (2006), Hazards, Vulnerability, and Environmental Justice. Earthscan, Sterling, VA.
NİSAN 2012 183
Cutter, S.L., J.T. Mitchell ve M.S. Scott (2000), “Revealing the Vulnerability of People and Places: A Case Study of Georgetown County, South Carolina”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(4),713–737.
Cutter, S.L., B.J. Boruff ve W.L. Shirley (2003), “Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards”, Social Science Quarterly, 84(2), 242-261.
Cutter, S.L. ve C.T. Emrich (2006), “Moral Hazard, Social Catastrophe: The Changing Face of Vulnerability along the Hurricane Costs”. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 604, 102-112.
Cutter, S.L. ve C. Finch (2008), “Temporal and Spatial Changes in Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards”, PNAS, 105 (7), 2301-2306.
DASK, (2011), “İllere Göre Zorunlu Deprem Sigortası Verileri”, Sigortalılık Oranı. http://www.dask.gov.tr/harita.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.11.2011).
Davidson, R.A. (1997), An Urban Earthquake Disaster Risk Index. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Civil Engineering Department., Stanford University.
Diener, E. ve E. Suh (1997), “Measuring Quality of Life: Economic, Social, and Subjective Indicators”, Social Indicators Research, 40(1-2),189-216.
Eakin, H. ve A.L. Luers (2006), “Assessing the Vulnerability of Social-Environmental Systems”, Annu.Rev.Environ.Resour., 31, 365-94.
Enarson, E., A. Fothergill ve P. Lori (2006), “Gender and Disaster: Foundations and Directions”, Ed. H. Rodriguez., E.L. Quarantelli ve R.R. Dynes, Handbook of Disaster Research. Springer, 130-146.
Garcia-Acosta, V. (2002), “Historical Disaster Research”. Ed. S. M. Hoffman ve A. Oliver-Smith, Catastrophe & Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster. School of American Research Press: Santa Fe, NM.
Hamza, M. ve R. Zetter (1998), “Structural Adjustment, Urban Systems, and Disaster Vulnerability in Developing Countries”, Cities, 15 (4), 291-299.
Hewitt, K. (1997), Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters, Harlow: Longman.
ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 184 İİBF DERGİSİ
Hilhorst, D. ve G. Bankoff (2004), “Introduction: Mapping Vulnerability”, Ed. G. Bankoff, G. Frerks ve D. Hilhorst, Mapping Vulnerability, Disasters, Development & People. Earthscan, London.
Kaly, U. ve C. Pratt (2000), “Environmental Vulnerability Index: Development and Provisional Indices and Profiles for Fiji, Samoa, Tuvalu and Vanuatu”, Phase II Report, Technical Report, 306 SOPAC, Suva, Fiji.
Kolars, J. (1982), “Earthquake-Vulnerable Populations in Modern Turkey”, Geographical Review, 72(1), 20-35.
Lavell, A. (1994), “Prevention and Mitigation of Disasters in Central America: Vulnerability to Disasters at the Local Level”. Ed. A. Varley, Disasters, Development and Environment, London: John Wiley.
Mileti, D.S. (1999a), Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC.
Oliver-Smith, A. ve S.M. Hoffman (1999), The Angry Earth: Disaster in Anthropological Perspective. Routledge, NY.
Özceylan, D. (2009), “Social Impact Assessment and Response Requirements”, Ed. A. Elnashai, T. Jefferson, F. Fiedrich, L.J. Cleveland ve T. Gres, Impact of New Madrid Seismic Zone Earthquakes on the Central USA, Vol.1. MAE Center Report No. 09-03.
Özceylan, D. (2011), Afetler İçin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Zarar Görebilirlik Endeksi Geliştirilmesi: Türkiye’deki İller Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, 2011.
Parker, R.S. (1995), “Disaster Vulnerability: Lessons from Four Turkish Urban Areas”, Ed. A. Parker., A. Kreimer ve M. Munasinghe, Informal Settlements, Environmental Degradation And Disaster Vulnerability: The Turkey Case Study, The World Bank and The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), Washington,DC.
Tierney, K., M. Lindell ve R. Perry (2001), Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press.
NİSAN 2012 185
TÜİK, (2007) “İllere Göre 1000 Kişiye Düşen Yatak Sayısı Verileri”, Sağlık Bakanlığı Tedavi Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?tb_id=6&ust_id=1,(Erişim Tarihi: 30.11.2011).
UNDP (United Nations Development Programs), (2004), “Reducing Disaster Risk, A Challenge for Development”, A Global Report, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, New York.
UN/ISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), (2004), “Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives”, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.
Varley, A. (1994), “The Exceptional and the Everyday: Vulnerability Analysis in the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction”, Ed. A. Varley, Disasters, Development and Environment, John Wiley&Sons, Chichester, England.
Vervaeck, A., J.E. Daniell.(2011), “Comparing the Current Impact of the Van Earthquake to Past Earthquakes in Eastern Turkey, Technical Report, Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, http://earthquake-report.com, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.11.2011).
Villagran De Leon, J.C. (2006), V”ulnerability: A Conceptual and Methodological Review”, SOURCE -Publication Series of UNU-EHS, United Nations University, Bonn.
Vincent, K. (2004), “Creating an Index of Social Vulnerability to Climate Change for Africa”, Tyndall Centre Working Paper 56, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich.
Winchester, P. (1992), Power, Choice and Vulnerability: A Case Study in Disaster Management in South India. London: James and James Publications.
Wisner, B. ve H.R. Luce (1993), “Disaster Vulnerability: Scale, Power and Daily Life”, GeoJournal, 30(2), 127-140.
Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon ve I. Davis (2003), At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disaster (2nd ed.) London: Routledge.
ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 186 İİBF DERGİSİ
Yasir, R, A. (2009), “The Political Economy of Disaster Vulnerability: A Case Study of Pakistan Earthquake 2005”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No: 20762.
Zizek, S. (2008), Violence: Six Sideways Reflections. New York: Picador.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com