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Orta Anadolu'da buğdayın verim unsurlarının, organik karbon ve toprağın fiziksel özelliklerinin anız yönetimi ve azaltılmış toprak işlemeye etkileri

Effects of reduced tillage and residue management on soil physical properties, organic carbon and wheat yield components in Middle Anatolia

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.13002/jafag1072
Abstract (2. Language): 
The sustainability of crop production systems depends on the preservation of soil physical quality over time. This study aimed to determine the effects of conventional tillage and alternative reduced tillage on soil properties and yield components of wheat in Middle Anatolia, the importance management practices in the preservation or improvement of soil structure quality under no-tillage system. The five tillage systems investigated were: conventional tillage (CT); reduced tillage with a vertical shaft rotary tiller (RT1); reduced tillage with a horizontal shaft rotary tiller (RT2); reduced tillage with a winged chisel (RT3); and direct seeding (DS). Depending on the applications, the change in the amount of stubble on the surface was within the range 99.33–224 g m-2, and the ratio of burying changed between 11.22% and 60.70% after tillage. After tillage, the minimum stubble amount remaining on the field and the maximum burying ratio (60.70%) were determined in CT. The stability index of the soil at a depth of 0–10 cm varied from 3.25 to 3.82 after the tillage and from 3.5 to 4.83 after the harvest. The highest soil stability index was obtained in the treatment of direct seeding. In direct seeding, it was established that approximately four days after tillage, soil moisture content preservation was 17.47% higher than those of the other alternative practices due to the elevated surface covering ratio of stubble. The mean content of soil organic carbon between tillage and harvesting period varied from 7.92 to 9.33 g kg-1 as a depending on different applications. The least mean content value of soil organic carbon was found in CT.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bitkisel üretim sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliği toprağın fiziksel kalitesinin korunması bağlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Orta Anadolu'da, geleneksel toprak işleme, alternatif azaltılmış toprak işleme yöntemlerinin buğdayın verim unsurlarına ve toprağın özelliklerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada beş farklı toprak işleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır, bunlar; geleneksel toprak işleme (CT); dikey milli (RT1) azaltılmış toprak işleme; yatay milli (RT2) azaltılmış toprak işleme; kanatlı çizelli (RT3) azaltılmış toprak işleme ve doğrudan ekimdir (DS). Uygulamalara bağlı olarak toprak işleme sonrası, yüzey üzerinde anız miktarındaki değişim aralığı 99,33-224 gr m-2 ve anız gömme oranı % 11,22 ve % 60,70 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Toprak işleme sonrası, tarla yüzeyinde minimum anız miktarı kalıntısı ve maksimum gömme oranı (60.70%) geleneksel toprak işleme (CT) uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. 0-10 cm derinlikte toprak stabilite indeksi toprak işleme sonrası 3.25 ile 3.82, hasat sonrası ise 3.5 ile 4.83 arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek toprak stabilite endeksi doğrudan ekim uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Doğrudan ekim uygulamasının toprak nem içeriği koruması diğer alternatif uygulamalardan % 17.47 daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ortalama toprak organik karbon içeriği toprak işleme ve hasat dönemi arasındaki 7.92 ile 9.33 kg-1 arasında farklı bir uygulamalara bağlı olarak değişim göstermiştir. En düşük ortalama toprak organik karbon içeriği geleneksel toprak işleme (CT) uygulamasından elde edilmiştir.
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