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Kur'an'daki Çokanlamlı Sözcükler ve Sözcüksel Yinelemelerin Çevirisinde Dil Benzeşmesi ve Ayrışması

Convergence and Divergence in the Interpretation of Quranic Polysemy and Lexical Recurrence

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The question of using synonyms in translating the Quran is a thorny issue that led to both different interpretations and different translations of the holy text. No matter how accurate or professional a translator attempts to be, Quranic translation has always been fraught with inaccuracies and the skewing of sensitive theological, cultural and historical connotations owing to the peculiar mechanism of stress, semantico-syntactic ambiguity, prosodic and acoustic features, the mesh of special rhetorical texture and culture-bound references. Consequently, in most of the English interpretations of the Quran, cases of non-equivalence and untranslatability will be more frequent with plenty of scope for ambiguities, obscurities and fuzzy boundaries. The trend has been to accept exegetical translation based on commentary and explanation of the Quranic discourse. Since there is no uniform book of exegesis, translations are considered to be glosses or approximates for non-Arabic speaking Muslims. This study is mainly concerned with assessing the criteria and strategies used by different Quran translators in selecting synonyms to render Quranic polysemous words. The linguistic- cultural context of the original polysemous source text (ST) word will be analyzed and compared with its target text (TT) near-synonyms. The study argues that in translating religious texts where synonyms are usually used to convey implicated meanings of ST polysemous words and where we seek to have the same effect on the Target Language receiver as that of the original, the use of functional ideational equivalence is given primacy over formal equivalence.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Kur'an çevrilirken eşanlamlı sözcüklerin kullanımı kutsal metnin farklı yorumlarına ve farklı çevirilerine yol açan sıkıntılı bir konudur. Çevirmen hatasız ve profesyonel olmaya gayret etse de, Kur'an çevirileri hatalarla ve vurgu mekanizmasına özgü anlamsal-sözdizimsel belirsizlik, bürünsel (vezin tekniğine dair), işitimsel, özel sözbilimsel doku örgüsü ve kültüre ilişkin göndermelerden dolayı her zaman hassas teolojik, kültürel ve tarihsel çağrışımların anlamlarının çarpıtılması ile dolu olmuştur. Bu sebepten ötürü Kur'an'ın İngilizce çevirilerinin çoğunda eşdeğer olmama ve çevrilememe durumları ile geniş kapsamlı anlam belirsizlikleri, anlaşılmazlık ve belirgin olmayan sınırlar daha sık görülecektir. Bugüne kadar eğilim, Kur'an'ın söylemi hakkında yorum ve açıklamaları temel alan tefsire dayalı çeviriyi kabul etmek olmuştur. Tefsir konusunda belirli bir kitap olmadığından, çeviriler Arapça bilmeyen Müslümanlara yönelik açıklamalar veya yakın ifadeler olarak düşünülür. Bu çalışma özellikle farklı Kur'an çevirmenlerinin Kur'an'daki çokanlamlı sözcükleri anlatmak için eşanlamlı sözcükleri seçmede kullandıkları ölçütleri ve yöntemleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özgün çokanlamlı kaynak metin sözcüğünün dilbilimsel-kültürel bağlamı incelenecek ve hedef metindeki yakın-eşanlamlılar ile karşılaştırılacaktır. Bu çalışma, eşanlamlı sözcüklerin genellikle kaynak metinde çokanlamlı sözcüklerin çağrıştırdığı anlamları ifade etmek üzere kullanıldığı ve hedef dildeki alıcı üzerinde özgün metnin etkisinin aynısının oluşturulmasına çalışıldığı dini metinlerin çevirisinde, önceliğin işlevsel düşünsel eşdeğerlik yerine biçimsel eşdeğerliğe verildiğini ileri sürmektedir.
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