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MÜSABAKA ANTRENMANININ SPRİNTERLERDE İVMELENME KİNEMATİĞİ VE FİZYOLOJİK DEĞİŞKENLERE ETKİSİ

EFFECTS OF COMPETITION TRAINING TO ACCELERATION KINEMATICS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN SPRINTERS

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of two week first mesocycle competition training to the physiological criteria and acceleration kinematics variables of 100m sprint running. Fifteen voluntary male sprinters from Turkey Track and Field I. and II. Cups participated in the study but two sprinters couldn’t participate in post tests because of European Athletics Championship. Therefore, 13 sprinters completed pre and post mesocycle tests (Age: 22.2 ±2.7yr, Personnel best 100m result: 10.93 ±0.21s, Body height: 176.3 ±2.8 cm, Body weight: 74.4 ±4.7kg, Training age: 59.2 ±33.1month). After anthropometric measurements, 100m sprint running in which acceleration kinematics were analyzed, jumping, dynamic strength, anaerobic power-capacity were tested and training components were recorded to the training record sheet. Wilcoxon two related samples test was utilized for comparing pre and post training performance variables. There were no significant differences in somatotype, dynamic strength, and anaerobic power-capacity parameters related to 2 week first mesocycle training of competition phase. However, two of the acceleration kinematic variables had statistically significant differences (for 40m time: Z = -2.833 and 40m velocity: Z-2.867; p <.05). 40m time variable increased from 5.13s to 5.27s (2.6%) and 40m velocity variable decreased from 7.81m.s-1 to 7.62m.s-1 (2.4%). There were no significant differences in stride length, stride frequency, total stride length, and total stride number parameters and physiological variables. Two week first mesocycle training in competition phase provide maintenance for physiological parameters and acceleration kinematics variables of 100m sprint running except for 40m time and velocity. It was concluded that sprinters should be trained with additional training for acceleration development in two week first mesocycle training of competition phase.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sprinterlerin müsabaka döneminde uyguladıkları iki haftalık birinci mezosiklus antrenman evresinin fizyolojik değişkenlere ve 100m sprint koşunun ivmelenme kinematiği parametrelerine etkilerini incelenmektir. Çalışma Türkiye Atletizm I. ve II. Ligi yarışmalarında yer alan gönüllü 15 erkek sprinterle başlamasına rağmen iki sprinter Avrupa Atletizm Şampiyonası nedeniyle son testlere katılamadığından 13 sprinterle tamamlamıştır (Yaş: 22.2 ±2.7 yıl, En iyi 100m derecesi: 10.93 ±0.21sn, Boy uzunluğu: 176.3 ±2.8cm, Vücut ağırlığı: 74.4 ±4.7kg, Antrenman yaşı: 59.2 ±33.1ay). Antropometrik ölçümler sonrası ivmelenme kinematiğinin analiz edildiği 100m sprint koşusu, sıçrama, dinamik kuvvet, anaerobik güç-kapasite testleri uygulanmıştır ve yapılan antrenmanlar antrenman kayıt formuna kaydedilmiştir. Wilcoxon eşleştirilmiş iki örnek testiyle antrenman öncesi-sonrası performans değişkenleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Sprinterlerin müsabaka döneminde iki haftalık 1. mezosiklus antrenmanlarına göre somatotip, dinamik kuvvet, anaerobik güç-kapasite parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken iki ivmelenme kinematiği değişkeninde anlamlı bir fark (40m süresi için Z = -2.833 ve 40m hız için Z = -2.867; p <.05 bulunmuştur. Bu değişkenlerden 40m süresi 5.13sn’den 5.27sn’ye (%2.6) artış ve buna bağlı olarak 40m hız değişkeni 7.81m.sn-1’den 7.62m.sn-1’ye (%2.4) azalış göstermiştir. Diğer ivmelenme kinematiğini oluşturan adım uzunluğu, adım frekansı, toplam adım uzunluğu, toplam adım sayısı parametrelerinde ve fizyolojik değişkenlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Müsabaka dönemi 2 haftalık birinci mezosiklus antrenmanı, 40m süresi ve hızı dışında kalan ivmelenme kinematik değişkenlerinde (adım uzunluğu, adım frekansı, toplam adım uzunluğu, toplam adım sayısı) ve fizyolojik parametrelerde mevcut durumun korunmasını sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak sprinterlerin müsabaka döneminde 2 haftalık birinci mezosiklus antrenmanlarında ivmelenmeyi geliştirici ek antrenmanlara ağırlık verilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
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