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Bilateral Defisit’in Anaerobik Güç Üretimi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Derleme

The Effects of Bilateral Deficit on Anaerobic Power Production: Review

Journal Name:

  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
During maximal voluntary muscular actions, the sum of forces exerted by homonymous muscles when activated independently (unilaterally) is typically larger than the summated force produced when the same muscles contract simultaneously (bilaterally). This phenomenon is known as “Bilateral Deficit” (BLD). Even though the actual cause of BLD has not been clearly explained, it is thought that the reason for BLD is the decreasing activation of high threshold motor units and transcallosal inhibition. The aim of this study is to explain the effects of BLD on anaerobic power production. During Sport Science literature review, following keywords were used: “Unilateral Movement (UL), Bilateral Movement (BL), Bilateral Deficit (BLD), Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and Spinal Cord Reflex”. According to finding in the literature, power produced with bilateral homonymous (simultaneously) muscular activation is 7-25 % less than during unilateral or non-homonymous muscular activation. BLD is 5-14 % in the dominant hand in bilateral hand grip contraction. BLD largely affects maximal voluntary dynamic-isometric contractions. It is thought that BLD also can be a limiting factor on maximal vertical jump performance and reaction time. Information for the effects of BLD on jumping performance, reaction time and sprinting performance is rather limited and contradictive. Bilateral muscle contractions are parts of almost any training session and they can be modified by specific training regiments or even be converted to bilateral facilitation. This may be advantageous in performances involving bilateral activation of homonymous muscles, such as in doublelegged vertical jump performance.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Maksimal istemli kas kasılması sırasında, homonymous kasların birbirinden bağımsız olarak (unilateral) aktive edilmesiyle elde edilen gücün toplam miktarı, homonymous kasların eş zamanlı olarak (bilateral) aktive edilmesiyle elde edilen güç miktarından daha fazladır. Bu olay “Bilateral Defisit (BLD)” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. BLD’nin nedeni tam olarak açıklanamamasına rağmen harekete katılan yüksek eşikli motor ünite aktivasyonundaki azalma ve transkallozal inhibasyon olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, BLD’nin anaerobik güç üretimi üzerindeki etkilerinin açıklanmasıdır. Literatür incelemesi sırasında; “Unilateral Hareket (UL), Bilateral Hareket (BL), Bilateral Defisit (BLD), İzometrik El Kavrama Kuvveti, Maksimal İstemli Kas Kasılması ve Spinal Kord Refleksleri “ anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak basılı ve elektronik kaynaklar taranmıştır. Literatürden elde edilen bilgilere göre; belirli bir kassal hareket sırasında bilateral-homonymous (eş zamanlı olarak) kasların aktivasyonuyla üretilen güç miktarı, unilateralnonhomonymous hareketler esnasında üretilen güç miktarından % 7-25 daha azdır. Bilateral el kavrama kuvveti göz önünde bulundurulduğunda ise dominant tarafta gözlenen BLD oranı % 5-14’ tür. Maksimal istemli dinamik ve izometrik kas kasılması BLD’den büyük oranda etkilenmektedir. BLD’nin dikey sıçrama performansı, reaksiyon zamanı ve sprint performansı üzerindeki etkileri konusunda bilgiler oldukça kısıtlı ve çelişkilidir. Bilateral kas kasılması neredeyse bütün antrenman programlarında yer alır ve BLD’nin olumsuz etkileri özel antrenmanlarla değiştirilerek, bilateral fasilitasyona dönüştürülebilir. Bu durum, çift bacakla sıçrama gibi bilateral eş zamanlı kas aktivitesi içeren hareketlerde avantaj sağlayabilir.
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PDF icon arastrmx_152775_23_pp_61-67.pdf
  • 2
61–67
  • Turkish

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