You are here

Home » Content

Botulizm

Botulism

Journal Name:

  • İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 1998

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease produced by botulinum neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxins are the most potent poisons for humans. These toxins are haematogenously disseminated to peripheral cholinergic synapses where toxins bind irreversibly to the receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction and other peripheral autonomic synaptic sites, and block acetylcholine release. The characteristic clinical finding of botulism is hypotonia with a descending symmetric flaccid paralysis which begins with bilateral cranial nerve impairment involving muscles of the face, head, and pharynx and then descends symetrically to involve muscles of the thorax and extremities. The clinical diagnosis of food-borne botulism can be confirmed by assaying the toxin in serum, feces, gastric or vomitus contents, and isolation of C. botulinum from the feces of the patient. Recovery depends upon several factors such as the effectiveness of respiratory care, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and prevention of infection. [Journal of Turgut Özal Medical Center 1998;5(1):87-96]
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Botulizm, genellikle Clostridium botulinum tarafından üretilen botulinum nörotoksinlerinin sebep olduğu nöroparalitik bir hastalıktır. Botulinum toksinleri bilinen en kuvvetli biyolojik toksinlerdir. Bu toksinler, hematojen yolla periferik kolinerjik sinapslara ulaşır ve irreversibl olarak nöromusküler kavşak ve diğer periferik otonom sinaptik reseptörlere bağlanarak asetilkolin salınımını bloke ederler. Botulizm'in karakteristik bulgusu, desendan simetrik flaks paralizili hipotonidir. Paraliziler; yüz, baş ve farinks kaslarını etkileyen bilateral kraniyal sinir tutulumuyla başlar ve daha sonra toraks ve ekstremite kaslarına doğru ilerler. Tanı; serumda, dışkıda, mide veya kusmuk kapsamında toksinin gösterilmesi ve dışkıdan C. botulinum 'un izole edilmesi ile yapılır. İyileşme, solunum desteği, sıvı ve elektrolit dengesinin sağlanması ve enfeksiyonların önlenmesi gibi bazı faktörlere bağlıdır. [Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi 1998;5(l):87-96]
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-botulizm.pdf
  • 1
87-96
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Abrutyn E. Botulism. In: Petersdorf RG, Adams RD, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Martin JB, Wilson JD, ed(s). Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. McGraw-Hill New York 1998: 904-5.
2. Todd ECD. Costs of acute bacterial foodborne disease in
Canada and the United States. Int J Food Microbiol 1989; 9: 313-26.
3. Kerner J. Neue Beobachtungen über die in Würtemburg so haüfig vorfallen Vergiftung durch den Genuss gerauchter Würst. Tubingen 1820. In: Damon SR, ed. Infections and Food Intoxications. Baltimore: Williams Wilkins 1928: 67.
4. Young JH. Botulism and the ripe olive scare of 1919-1920. Bull Hist Med 1976; 50: 372-91.
5. van Ermengen E. Ueber einen neuen anaeroben Bacillus und seine Beziehungen zum Botulismus. Z Hyg Infekt 1897; 26: 1¬56.
6. Landman G. Ueber die Ursache der Darmstadter Bohnen
Vergiftung. Hyg Rundsch 1904; 14: 449-52.
7. Davis JB, Mattman LH, Wiley M. Clostridium botulinum in a
fatal wound infection. JAMA 1951; 146: 646-8.
8. Midura TF, Arnon SS. Infant botulism: Identification of Clostridium botulinum and its toxin in faeces. Lancet 1976; 2:
934-6.
9. Chia JK, Clark JB, Ryan CA, et al. Botulism in an adult associated with foodborne intestinal infection with Clostridium
Botulinum. N Eng J Med 1986; 315: 239-41.
10. Lamanna C, Mc Elroy OE, Eklund HW. The purification and crystallization of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin. Science 1946; 103: 613-4.
11. Cato EP, Geroge WL, Finegold SM. Genus Clostridium
praemozski 1880. In: Smeath PHA, Mair NS, Sharpe ME,
ed(s). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. v. 2.
Baltimore: Williams Wilkins 1986: 1141-200.
12. Eklund MW, Poysky FT, Habig WH. Bacteriophages and plasmids in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani and
Turgut ÖzalTıp Merkezi Dergfci5(ı):1998
Ekmekçi H, et al.
Botulism
their relationship to the production of toxin. In: Simpson LL, ed. Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin. San Diego:
Academic Press 1989: 25-51.
13. Hatheway CL. Botulism: the present status of the disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995; 195: 55-7.
14. Shaffer N, Wainwright RB, Middaugh PJ, et al. Botulism
among Alaska Natives. The role of changing food preparation and consumption practices. West J Med 1990; 153: 390-3.
15. Gao QY, Huang YF, Wu JG, et al. A review of botulism in China. Biomed Environ Sci 1990; 3: 326-36.
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism and
commercial pot pie-California. MMWR 1983; 32: 39-40, 45.
17. Hughes JM. Botulism. In: Scheld WM, Whitley RJ, Durack
DT,ed(s). Infections of the Central Nervous System. New
York: Raven Press 1991: 589-602.
18. Smith LDS. The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani in the soil of the United States. Health Lab
Sci 1978; 15: 74-80.
19. Weber JT, Goodpasture HC, Alexander H, et al. Wound botulism in a patient with a tooth abscess: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16: 635-9.
20. Midura TF, Snowden S, Wood RM, et al. Isolation of
Clostridium botulinum from honey. J Clin Microbiol 1979; 9:
282-3.
21. Spika JS, Shaffer N, Hargrett-Bean N, et al. Infant botulism in the United States: An epidemiologic study of cases occuring outside of California. Am J Public Health 1983; 73: 1385-8.
22. Hurst DL, Marsh WW. Early severe infantile botulism. J
Pediatr 1993; 122: 909-11.
23. Suen JC, Hatheway CL, Steigerwalt AG, et al. Genetic confirmation of the identities of neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum implicated as agents of
human botulism. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 2191-2.
24. Mac Donald KL, Cohen ML, Blake PA. The changing
epidemiology of adult botulism in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 794-9.
25. McCroskey LM, Hatheway CL, Woodruff BA, et al. Type F
botulism due to neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii from an unknown source in an adult. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2618¬20.
26. Centers for Disease Control and prevention. Botulism in the United States, 1899-1973. Handbook for Epidemiologist, Clinicians, and Laboratory Workers. Atlanta: DHEW 1974.
27. Tacket CO, Shandera WX, Mann JM, et al. Equine antitoxin use and other factors that predict outcome in type A foodborne
botulism. Am J Med 1984; 76: 794-8.
28. Hauschild AHW. Clostridium botulinum. In: Doyle MP, ed.
Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. New York: Marcel Dekker
1989: 112-89.
29. Tacket CO, Rogawski MA. Botulism. In: Simpson LL, ed. Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin. San Diego:
Academic Press; 1989: 351-78.
30. Patten J. Neurological Differential Diagnosis; 2nd ed. Glaskow: Springer-Verlag 1996.
31. Critchley EMR, Mitchell JD. Human Botulism. Br J Hosp
Med. 1992; 43: 290-2.
32. Maselli RA, Burnett ME, Tonsgard JH. In vitro microelectrode study of neuromuscular transmission in a case of botulism. Muscle Nerve 1992; 15: 273-8.
33. Terranova W, Palumbo JN, Berman JG. Ocular findings in
botulism type B. JAMA 1979; 241: 475-7.
34. Friedman DI, Fortanasce VN, Sadun AA. Tonic pupils as a
result of botulism. Am J Ophthalmol 1990; 109: 236-7.
35. Simcock PR, Kelleher S, Dunne JA. Neuro-ophthalmic findings in botulism type B. Eye 1994; 8: 646-8.
36. Woodruff BA, Griffin PM, McCCroskey LM, et al. Clinical
and laboratory comparison of botulism from toxin types A, B, and E in the United States 1975-1988. J Infect Dis 1992; 166:
1282-6.
37. Hughes JM, Blumenthal JR, Merson MH, et al. Clinical
features of types A and B foodborne botulism. Ann Intern Med
1981; 95: 442-5.
38. Vita G, Girlanda P, Puglisi RM, et al. Cardiovascular-reflex testing and single fiber electromyography in botulism. A
longitudinal study. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 202-6.
39. Griffin PM, Hatheway CL, Rosenbaum, et al. Endogenous antibody production to botulinum toxin in an adult with intestinal colonization botulism an underlying Crohn's disease. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 633-7.
40. Weber JT, Hibbs RG, Darwish A, et al. A massive outbreak of type E botulism associated with traditional salted fish in Cairo.
J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 451-4.
41. Colerbatch JG, Wolff AH, Gilbert RJ, et al. Slow recovery
from severe foodborne botulism. Lancet 1989; 2: 1216-17.
42. Cornblath DR, Sladky JT, Sumner AJ. Clinical
electrophysiology of infantile botulism. Muscle Nerve 1983; 6:
448-52.
43. Oken A, Barnes S, Rock P, et al. Upper airway obstruction and
infant botulism. Anest Analg 1992; 75: 136-8.
44. Schreiner MS, Field E, Ruddy R. Infant botulism: A review of 12 years experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Pediatricss 1991; 87: 159-65.
45. Glauser TA, Maquire HC, Sladky JT. Relapse of infant
botulism. Ann Neurol. 1990; 28: 187-9.
46. Thomas DG. Infant botulism: a review in South Australia
(1980-89). J Paediatr Child Health 1993; 29: 24-6.
47. Elston HR, Wang M, Loo LK. Arm abscesses caused by
Clostridium botulinum. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2678-9.
48. Kudrow DB, Henry DA, Haake DA, et al. Botulism associated with Clostridium botulinum sinusitis after intranasal cocaine
abuse. Ann Inter Med 1988; 109: 984-5.
49. Kuruoglu R, Cengiz B, Tokçaer A. Botulism with sensory symptoms diagnosed by neuromuscular transmission studies associated with edrophonium responsiveness. Electromyogr
Clin Neurophysiol 1996; 36: 477-8.
50. Edell TA, Sullivan CP, Osborn KM, et al. Wound botulism
associated with a positive Tensilon test. West J Med 1983; 139: 218-9.
51. Cherington M. Botulism. Semin Neurol 1990; 10: 27-31.
52. Dunbar EM. Botulism. J Infect 1990; 20: 1-3.
53. Dowell VR, McCroskey LM, Hatheway CL, et al.
Coproexamination for botulinal toxin and Clostridium
Journal ofTurgut Özal Medical Center 5(1):1998
95
Botulizm
H. Ekmekçi ve ark.
botulinum. A new procedure for laboratory diagnosis of
botulism. JAMA; 238: 1829-32.
54. Notermans S, Nagel J. Assays for botulinum and tetanus toxins. In: Simpson LL, ed. Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin. San Diego: Academic Press 1989: 319-31.
55. Notermans SHW, Wokke JHJ, van den Berg LH. Botulism and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet 1992; 340: 303.
56. Sanders DB. Electrophysiologic study of disorders of neuromuscular transmission. In: Aminoff MJ ed. Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. New York:
Churchill Livingstone 1992: 347-8.
57. Gutman L, Prott L. Pathophysiologic aspects of human
botulism. Arch Neurol 1976; 33: 175-9.
58. Schiller HH, Stalberg E. Human botulism studied with single-fiber electromyography. Arch Neurol 1974; 35: 346
59. Gutierrez AR, Bodensteiner J, Gutmann J. Electrodiagnosis of
infantile botulism. J Child Neurol 1994; 9: 362-5.
60. Barrett DH. Endemic food-borne botulism: Clinical experience, 1973-1986. Alaska Med. 1991; 33: 101-8.
61. Frankovich TL, Arnonm SS. Clinical trial of botulism immune
globulin for infant botulism. West J Med 1991; 154:103.
62. Wilson R, Morris JG, Snyder JD, et al. Clinical characteristics of infant botulism in the United States: A study of the non-
California cases. Pediatr Infect Dis 1982; 1: 148-50.
63. Kaplan JE, Davis LE, Narayan V, et al. Botulism, type A, and treatment with guanidine. Ann Neurol 1979; 6: 69-71.
64. Wilcox PG, Morrison NJ, Pardy Rl. Recovery of the ventilatory and upper airway muscles and exercise performance after type A botulism. Chest 1990; 98: 620-6.
65. Cohen FL, Hardin SB, Nehring SB, et al. Physical and psychosocial health status 3 years after catastrophic illness-
botulism. Issue Mental Health Nurs 1988; 9: 387-98.
66. Jankovic J, Schwartz K, Donovan DT. Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias, and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychiatr 1990; 53: 633-9.
67. Jankovic J, Brin M. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. N
Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1186-94.
68. Jankovic J, Schwartz K. Botulinum toxin treatment of tremors.
Neurology 1991; 41: 1185-8.
69. Townes JM, Cieslak PR, Hatheway CL, et al. An outbreak of type A botulism associated with a commercial cheese sauce.
Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 558-60.
70. Lo Vecchio F, Jacobson S. Approach to generalised weakness and peripheral neuromuscular disease. Emerg Med Clin North
Am 1997; 15: 605-23.
71. Beller M, Middaugh JP. Repeated type E botulism in an
Alaskan Eskimo. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 855.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com