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Quin impost de societats paguen les empreses familiars catalanes? Anàlisi del tipus impositiu meritat i del tipus impositiu efectiu

How much corporate taxes are paying Catalan family firms? Analysis of accrued and effective tax rates

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.698
Abstract (2. Language): 
Purpose: The aim of this study is determine which corporate tax rate is paid by Catalan family firms, and analyze if these companies support a greater tax burden compared to non-family firms as a consequence of their risk aversion and, hence, due to a lower fiscal aggressiveness. Design/methodology: We have estimated the corporate tax rates supported by Catalan firms during the period 2008-2003. We have used a sample of 382 large and medium-sized firms which have always obtained profits over the past ten years. This tax rate has been calculated using two estimators, the accrued rate, traditionally used in the literature, and the effective rate, which provides a more realistic measure of what companies actually paid. Findings: Results show that family firms support higher corporate tax rates, both accrued and effective rates, than non family firms. However, this result can not be generalized for the entire sample, because while it is true that large family firms support greater tax rates, the family nature of a company does not significantly influence in those companies included in the special regime for small-sized companies. Research limitations/implications: In this study we have not considered the influence that other variables could have on corporate tax rates, such as leverage, capital intensity, growth, among others. On the other hand, to calculate the effective tax rate paid by companies included in the special regime for small-sized companies we have used a 25% tax rate without consider (due to the lack of available information) that for this companies, a 30% tax rate is applied for the tax base that exceeds 300,000€. Originality/value: There are only a few studies in the literature which analyze if risk aversion, characteristic from family firms, could be a determinant factor of their fiscal aggressiveness. In addition, in this study we have not only estimated the accrued tax (typically used in the literature), but also the effective tax rate, which using data provided by the new general accounting plan allows us to estimate more precisely the tax actually paid.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Objecte: Determinar quin és l’impost de societats que paguen les empreses familiars catalanes, i observar així si aquestes suporten una major pressió fiscal respecte a les empreses no familiars com a conseqüència de la seva aversió al risc, i per tant, d’una menor agressivitat fiscal. Disseny/metodologia: S’ha calculat el tipus impositiu que han suportat durant el període 2008-2013 una mostra de 382 empreses catalanes grans i mitjanes que sempre han obtingut beneficis durant els darrers deu anys. Aquest tipus impositiu s’ha calculat a través de dos estimadors, per una banda el tipus meritat, tradicionalment utilitzat en aquest tipus d’estudis, i per altra banda el tipus efectiu, que proporciona una mesura més real del que realment han pagat les empreses. Aportacions i resultats: Els resultats obtinguts mostren que les empreses familiars suporten uns majors tipus impositius, tant meritats com efectius respecte a les no familiars. No obstant, aquest resultat no es pot generalitzar per al conjunt d’empreses, ja que si bé és cert que les grans empreses familiars són les que suporten una major càrrega fiscal, el caràcter familiar de l’empresa no exerceix influència significativa entre les empreses acollides al règim especial per a empreses de reduïda dimensió. Limitacions: En l’estudi no s’ha contemplat la influència que altres variables poden exercir sobre l’impost de societats, tals com l’endeutament, la intensitat de l’immobilitzat o el creixement de la companyia entre altres. Per altra banda, en el càlcul de l’impost efectivament pagat per les empreses de reduïda dimensió s’ha considerat un tipus genèric del 25%, sense considerar (per falta d’informació disponible) que en aquestes empreses, la base imposable que excedeix de 300,000€ grava al 30%. Valor afegit: En la literatura són molt pocs els estudis que han analitzat si l’aversió al risc, tret característic de les empreses familiars, pot ser un factor determinant de la seva agressivitat fiscal. A més, en aquest estudi, no només s’ha estimat el tipus meritat (tradicionalment utilitzat en la literatura), si no també el tipus efectiu, que a partir de les dades que proporciona el NPCG (actius i passius fiscals) permet estimar d’una manera més precisa l’impost que realment paguen les empreses.
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