You are here

TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MEDICINE

TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MEDICINE

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
Transgenic animals are animals that are genetically altered to have traits that mimic symptoms of specific human pathologies. They provide genetic models of various human diseases which are important in understanding disease and developing new targets. In early 1980 Gordon and co-workers described the first gene addition experiment using the microinjection technology and since then the impact of transgenic technology on basic research has been significant. Within 20 years of its inception, ATryn the first drug approved by USFDA from transgenic animals was developed and it has opened door to drugs from transgenic animals. In addition, they are looked upon as potential future donors for xenotransplantation. With increasing knowledge about the genetics and improvements in the transgenetic technology numerous useful applications like biologically safe new-generation drugs based on human regulatory proteins are being developed.Various aspects of concern in the coming years are the regulatory guidelines, ethical issues and patents related to the use of transgenic animals. This modern medicine is on the threshold of a pharmacological revolution. Use of transgenic animals will provide solutions for drug research, xenotransplantation, clinical trials and will prove to be a new insight in drug development
107-116

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Houdebine LM. Production of pharmaceutical
proteins by transgenic animals. Comparative
Immunology Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases. 2009;32:107-21
2. Snaith MR, Tornell J. The use of transgenic
systems in pharmaceutical research. Briefings
in Functional Genomics and Proteomics.2002;
1 (2): 119-30.
3. RDS: Understanding Animal Research in
medicine and coalition for medical progress.
Medical Advances And Animal Research The
contribution of Animal Sciences to the Medical
Revolution: Some Case Histories. [Serial on
the Internet]. 2007. [Cited 2012 Nov 21];
Available from http://www.protest.
org.uk/MAAR.pdf
4. Niemann H, Kues W, Carnwath JW.
Transgenic farm animals: present and future.
Rev.sci.tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 2005;24(1):285-98
5. McLaughlin PMJ. Kroesen BJ, Harmsen MC.
Lou FMH. Cancer immunotherapy: insights
from transgenic animal models. Critical
reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2001; 40:53-
76
6. Kandhare AD, Raygude KS, Ghosh P, Gosavi
TP, Bodhankar SL. Patentability of Animal
Models: India and the Globe. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological
Archives. 2011; 2(4):1024-32.
7. Applied Research Ethics National Association.
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Guidebook. [Homepage on the Internet]. 2002.
[Cited 2012 Oct05]. Available from
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guidebook.pd
f
8. United States Food and Drug Administration.
Points To Consider In The Manufacture And
Testing Of Therapeutic Products For Human
Use Derived From Transgenic Animals.
[Homepage on the Internet]. 1995. [cited 2012
114
Bagle TR et al., Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2012;2(1):107-116
Nov 05]; Available from
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBlood
Vaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInfor
mation/OtherRecommendationsforManufacture
rs/UCM153306.pdf
9. Volume with supplement: Montgomery A.
Transgenic animals walking bioreactors.
BioProcess International. 2004. 40-51.
10. Jube S, Borthakur D. Recent advances in food
biotechnology research. In: Hui YH, Nip W-K,
Nollet LML, Paliyath G, Sahlstrom S, Simpson
BK editors. Food Biochemistry and Food
Processing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
2006; p 35-70.
11. Rosential P. Gharavi A, Agati VD. Klotman P.
Transgenic and Infectious Animal Models of
HIV-Associated Nephropathy. J Am Soc
Nephrol.2009; 20:2296-304.
12. Joshi PC. Guidot DM. HIV-1 transgene
expression in rats induces differential
expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha and
zinc transporters in the liver and the lung.
AIDS Research and Therapy. 2011;8(36):1-11.
13. Spires TL. Bradley TH. Transgenic Models of
Alzheimer’s disease: Learning from Animals.
The Journal of the American Society for
Experimental Neurotherapeutics.2005; 2 (3):
423-37.
14. Gotz J, Streffer JR, David D, Schild A,
Hoerndli F, Pennanen L etal. Transgenic
animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and
related disorders: histopathology, behaviour
and therapy. Molecular Psychiatry. 2004;
9:664-83.
15. Schenk D. Amyloid-β immunotherapy for
Alzheimer’s disease: the end of the beginning.
Nature Reviews/Neuroscience. 2002; 3:824-28.
16. Bader M, Bohnemeier H, Zollmann FS,
LockleyJones OE, Ganten D. Transgenic
animals in cardiovascular disease research.
Experimental Physiology.2000; 85(6):713-31.
17. Hasenfuss G. Animal models of human
cardiovascular disease, heart failure and
hypertrophy. Cardiovascular Research. 1998;
39:60-76.
18. Srinivasan K. Ramarao P. Animal models in
type 2 diabetes research: an overview. Indian J
Med Res. 2007; 125: 451-72.
19. Etuk EU. Animal models for studying diabetes
mellitus. Agri. Bio. J. N. Am. 2010; 1(2): 130-
34.
20. Henson MS. Timothy DO. Feline Models of
type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ILAR Journal. 2006;
47(3):234-42.
21. Kumar S. Singh R. Vasudeva N. Sharma S.
acute and chronic animal models for the
evaluation of antidiabetic agents.
Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2012; 11(9):1-13.
22. Eddouks M. Chattopadhyay, Zeggwagh NA.
Animal models as tools to investigate
antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory plants.
Evidence based Complementary and
Alternative Medicine. 2012. 1-14.
23. Carmeliet P. Moons L. Collen D. Mouse
models of angiogenesis, arterial stenosis,
atherosclerosis and hemostasis. Cardiovascular
Research. 1998;39:8-33.
24. Boverhof DR. Chamberlain MP. Elcombe CR.
Gonzalez FJ. Heflich RH. Lya GH. Transgenic
animal models in Toxicology: Historical
Perspectives and Future Outlook.
2011;121(2):207-33.
25. World Health Organization. Transgenic
Animal Mutagenicity Assays. [Homepage on
the Internet]. 2006. [cited 2012 Nov 03];
Available from
http://www.inchem.org/documents/ ehc /
ehc/ehc233.pdf
26. Pavlaki M, Zucker S. Matrix Metalloproteinase
inhibitors (MMPIs): The beginning of Phase I
or the termination of phase III clinical trials.
Cancer and metastasis reviews. 2003; 22:177-
03
27. Ramaswamy S. McBride JL, Kordower H.
Animal Models of Huntington’s Disease. ILAR
Journal. 2007; 48(4):356-73.
28. Horton WA. Skeletal development: insights
from targeting the mouse genome. Lancet.
2003; 362:560-69.
115
Bagle TR et al., Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2012;2(1):107-116
29. Ormandy EH. Dale J, Griffin G. Genetic
engineering of animals. Ethical issues,
including welfare concerns. CVJ.2011; 52:544-
52
30. Prather RS. Shen M, Dai Y. Genetically
modified Pigs for medicine and Agriculture.
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Reviews. 2008; 25:245-66.
31. Hunter CV, Tiley LS, Sang HM. Development
in transgenic technology: applications for
medicine. TRENDS in Molecular
Medicine.2005; 11 (6): 293-98.
32. Alison VE. Genetically Engineered Animals:
An overview. [Serial on the Internet]. 2008.
[Cited 2012 Nov 25]; Available from
http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech
/Outreach/Genetically_engineered_animals_ov
erview.pdf
33. Lonberg N. Human antibodies from transgenic
animals. Nature Biotechnology.
2005;23(9):1117-1125
34. Niemann H, Kues WA. Application of
transgenesis in livestock for agriculture and
biomedicine. Animal Reproduction Science.
2003;79:291-317.
35. Fung J, Rao A, Starzl T. Clinical trials and
Projected future of Liver Xenotransplantation.
World Journal of Surgery.1997; 21:956-61.
36. Cooper DK. Clinical Xenotransplantation-how
close are we?. Lancet. 2003; 362:557-59.
37. Alison LE. What is the future of animal
biotechnology?. California Agriculture. 2006;
60( 3):132-139.
38. Einsiedel EF. Public perceptions of Transgenic
animals. Rev. Sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 2005;
24(1):149-157.
39. Special Issue: Mertens C, Rulicke T. Welfare
Assessment and Phenotype Characterisation of
Transgenic Mice. Altex. 2007;24: 46-48
40. Indian Council of Medical Research. The Use
of Animals in Scientific Research. [Homepage
on the Internet]. 2008. [Cited 2012 Dec 03];
Available from http: //icmr. nic.
in/bioethics/Animals_biomedical%20research.
pdf
41. The Parliamentary Office of Science and
Technology. Biomedical Patents. [homepage
on the Internet]. 2012. [cited 2012 Dec 01];
Available from http://www.parliament.uk/
Templates/BriefingPapers/Pages/BPPdfDownl
oad.aspx?bp-id=POST-PN-401
42. Rigaud N. OECD International Futures Project
on “The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing
Policy Agenda”. Biotechnology: Ethical and
social debates. [homepage on the Internet].
2008. [cited 2012 Dec 01]; Available from
http://www.biotechnologie.de/BIO/Redaktion/
PDF/de/laenderfokus/indien-oecd-vollberichtmitanhang,
property=pdf,bereich=bio,sprache=de,r
wb=true.pdf
43. Goldman IL, Kadulin SG, Razin SV.
Transgenic animals in medicine: Integrations
and expression of foreign genes, theoretical
and applied aspects. Med SciMonit. 2004;10
(11): RA274-285.
44. Huang YJ, Huang Y, Baldassarre H, Wang B,
Lazaris A, Leduc M. Recombinant Human
Butyrylcholinesterase from the milk of
transgenic animals to protect against
organophosphate poisoning. PNAS. 2007;
104(34):13603-13608.
45. Park F. Lentivirus vectors: are they the future
of animal transgenesis?. Physiol. Genomics.
2007; 31:159-173

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com