You are here

Home » Content

Novel Electron Spin Resonance-Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Occult Hepatitis B Infection in HCV Chronic Liver Disease

Journal Name:

  • International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences

Publication Year:

  • 2017

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection in patients who lack detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is called occult hepatitis B infection (OHB). The very low level of HBV genome may hamper its detection by molecular techniques. Recently, a highly sensitive EIA utilizing a novel modified electron spin resonance (ESR) technique (modified ESR-EIA) was developed to detect HBsAg by measuring stabilized nitroxide radicals. Aim: to detect occult HBV infection, using ESR-EIA among HCV-related chronic liver disease (CLD) Egyptian patients who were seronegative for HBsAg by standard EIA. Methods: The study was conducted on two periods of time; in 1st period, 72 inpatients in Tropical Medicine Department of TBRI, were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups; 44 seropositive anti-HCV patients (Group I), 28 seronegative anti-HCV patients (Group II). Sera were subjected to virological assays for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc IgG, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and HCV RNA. We also examined serum HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and real-time detection polymerase chain reaction (RTD-PCR). In the 2nd period; modified ESR-EIA was applied on 32 TBRI inpatients, 23 in Tropical Medicine Department (Group I) and 9 from hemodialysis unit (Group II) with HCV-related CLD. Results: OHB was detected in 18.1% and 86.9% of our patients in 2002 and 2006 respectively. In phase 1, there was a higher detection rate among HCV patients in Group I (25%) than Group II (7%), with higher prevalence (52.4%) in patients with positive HCV RNA in Group I versus those with negative HCV viremia (8%) in Group II. HBV DNA by either PCR or RTD-PCR was negative in all patients of both groups as the HBV viral load of the samples were below detectable level of the methods used; less than 100 copies/ml. None of 9 hemodialysis patients were positive for OHB. Conclusion: The newly developed quantitative ESR-EIA technique represents a great evolution for screening and diagnosing OHB in patients with CLD who are negative for conventional HBV-related serological markers. Moreover, investigation of chronic infection with a low HBV load and its clinical significance is considered to make a significant contribution to prevention and treatment. Detection of OHB would limit its nosocomial spread particularly in hemodialysis units and liver transplant recipients.
Bookmark/Search this post with
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-novel-electron-spin-resonance-enzyme-immunosorbent-assay-detecting-occult-hepatitis-b-infection-hcv-chronic-liver-disease.pdf
  • 11
150
164
  • English

REFERENCES

References: 

[1] Chen, Hsing-Yu, et al. “Impact of occult hepatitis B on the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C
virus infection: A 10-year follow-up.” Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 2016.
[2] Esmail, Mona A., et al. “Genotyping of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian hemodialysis patients
without hepatitis C virus infection.” Journal of Infection and Public Health Vol. 9, No. 4, 2016, pp. 452-57.
[3] Mina, Paraskevi, et al. “Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in haemodialysis patients from central
Greece.” World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG Vol. 16, No. 2, 2010, p. 225.
[4] Chemin, I., and F. Zoulim. “Hepatitis B virus induced hepatocellular carcinoma.” Cancer Letters Vol. 286, No.
1, 2009, pp. 52-59.
[5] Hudu, Shuaibu A., et al. “Molecular and serological detection of occult hepatitis B virus among healthy hepatitis
B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Malaysia.” African Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 3, 2016, pp. 677-83.
[6] Matsuo, Taku, et al. “Highly sensitive hepatitis B surface antigen detection by measuring stable nitroxide radical
formation with ESR spectroscopy.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine Vol. 25, No. 8, 1998, pp. 929-35.
[7] Saraswat, Shubhangi, et al. “Post-transfusion hepatitis type B following multiple transfusions of HBsAg-negative
blood.” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 25, No. 5, 1996, pp. 639-43.
[8] Wright, Teresa L., et al. “Hepatitis B virus and apparent fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis.” The Lancet Vol. 339,
No. 8799, 1992, pp. 952-55.
[9] Uchida, Toshikazu, et al. “Detection of precore/core-mutant hepatitis B virus genome in patients with acute or
fulminant hepatitis without serological markers for recent HBV infection.” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 18, No.
3, 1993, pp. 369-72.
[10] Villa, Erica, et al. “Evidence for hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C with and without
serological markers of hepatitis B.” Digestive Diseases and Sciences Vol. 40, No. 1, 1995, pp. 8-13.
[11] Cacciola, Irene, et al. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease.” New
England Journal of Medicine Vol. 341, No. 1, 1999, pp. 22-26.
[12] Komori, Masato, et al. “Long-term clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis B
patients.” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 35, No. 6, 2001, pp. 798-804.
[13] Jardi, Rosendo, et al. “Role of hepatitis B, C, and D viruses in dual and triple infection: Influence of viral genotypes
and hepatitis B precore and basal core promoter mutations on viral replicative interference.” Hepatology Vol. 34,
No. 2, 2001, pp. 404-10.
[14] Abe, Aki, et al. “Quantitation of hepatitis B virus genomic DNA by real-time detection PCR.” Journal of Clinical
Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 9, 1999, pp. 2899-2903.
[15] Brechot, Christian, et al. “Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen:
Clinically significant or purely “occult”?” Hepatology Vol. 34, No. 1, 2001, pp. 194-203.
[16] Aoyama, Masaaki, and Masanobu Shiga. “Method and reagent for detecting peroxidase or hydrogen peroxide.”
U.S. Patent No. 5,780,257. 14 Jul. 1998.
[17] Aoyama, Masaaki, et al. “A novel ESR method for horseradish peroxidase activity using a combination of
p-acetamidophenol and hydroxylamine, and its application to enzyme immunoassays.” Analytical Sciences Vol.
14, No. 6, 1998, pp. 1107-13.
[18] Shiga, Masanobu, et al. “A novel method for determining peroxidase activities using p-acetamidophenol
analogs.” Analytical Sciences Vol. 11, No. 2, 1995, pp. 195-201.
Badawi, et al. Int J Med Res Health Sci 2017, 6(11): 150-164
163
[19] Togashi, Hitoshi, et al. “What can be revealed by extending the sensitivity of HBsAg detection to below the
present limit?” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 49, No. 1, 2008, pp. 17-24.
[20] Zarski, Jean-Pierre, et al. “Characteristics of patients with dual infection by hepatitis B and C viruses.” Journal
of Hepatology Vol. 28, No. 1, 1998, pp. 27-33.
[21] De Maria, Nicola, et al. “The impact of previous HBV infection on the course of chronic hepatitis C.” The
American Journal of Gastroenterology Vol. 95, No. 12, 2000, pp. 3529-36.
[22] Kazemi-Shirazi, Lili, Dagmar Petermann, and Christian Müller. “Hepatitis B virus DNA in sera and liver tissue
of HBsAg negative patients with chronic hepatitis C.” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 33, No. 5, 2000, pp. 785-90.
[23] Omar, Hanan H., et al. “Impact of schistosomiasis on increased incidence of occult hepatitis B in chronic hepatitis
C patients in Egypt.” Journal of Infection and Public Health 2017.
[24] Frank, Christina, et al. “The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in
Egypt.” The Lancet Vol. 355, No. 9207, 2000, pp. 887-91.
[25] Omar M, Fam N, Badawi H, et al. HCV core antigen detection and HCV RNA quantitation in diagnosis and
follow- up of viraemia in chronic hepatitis C patients. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol. 11, No.
4, 2002, pp. 853-60.
[26] El-Zayadi A, Osaima S, Ahdy A et al. The significance of hepatitis B markers in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian
patients. The Fifth United European Gastroenterology Week. Paris, Nov. 26 1996 Abst No. 65.
[27] Fischer, Volker, et al. “Direct electron spin resonance detection of free radical intermediates during the peroxidase
catalyzed oxidation of phenacetin metabolites.” Chemico-Biological Interactions Vol. 60, No. 2, 1986, pp. 115-27.
[28] Mair, D.C., et al. “False-positive hepatitis B surface antigen screening test results in patients receiving
granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor.” Transfusion Vol. 36, No. 11-12, 1996, pp. 948-51.
[29] Saber MA, Abou Shousha TS, Ahmed MH, et al. “Reliability of histopathological and molecular techniques for
diagnosis of hepatitis B and C viruses in chronic liver diseases.” Kasr El-Aini Medical Journal Vol. 9, No. 3,
2003, pp. 123-40.
[30] Loeb, Keith R., et al. “High-throughput quantitative analysis of hepatitis B Virus DNA in serum using the
TaqMan Fluorogenic Detection System.” Hepatology Vol. 32, No. 3, 2000, pp. 626-29.
[31] Chomczynski, Piotr, and Nicoletta Sacchi. “Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium
thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.” Analytical Biochemistry Vol. 162, No. 1, 1987, pp. 156-59.
[32] Kalinina, Tatyana, et al. “A dominant hepatitis B virus population defective in virus secretion because of several
S-gene mutations from a patient with fulminant hepatitis.” Hepatology Vol. 34, No. 2, 2001, pp. 385-94.
[33] Sagnelli, Evangelista, et al. “Virologic and clinical expressions of reciprocal inhibitory effect of hepatitis B, C,
and delta viruses in patients with chronic hepatitis.” Hepatology Vol. 32, No. 5, 2000, pp. 1106-10.
[34] Bläckberg, Jonas, and Karin Kidd-Ljunggren. “Occult hepatitis B virus after acute self-limited infection persisting
for 30 years without sequence variation.” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 33, No. 6, 2000, pp. 992-97.
[35] Protzer-Knodle U, et al. “Hepatitis B virus with antigenically cleared hepatitis surface antigen is selected by high
dose hepatitis B lamivudine treatment after liver transplantation.” Hepatology Vol. 27, 1998, pp. 254-64.
[36] Lok, Anna SF, et al. “Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy: report
of a prospective study.” Gastroenterology Vol. 100, No. 1, 1991, pp. 182-88.
[37] Hu, Ke-Qin. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection and its clinical implications.” Journal of Viral Hepatitis Vol. 9,
No. 4, 2002, pp. 243-57.
[38] Koike, Katsuro, et al. “Hepatitis B virus DNA integration frequently observed in the hepatocellular carcinoma
DNA of hepatitis C virus-infected patients.” International Journal of Oncology Vol. 8, No. 4, 1996, pp. 781-84.
[39] Aoki, Masanori, et al. “Clinical significance of a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of hepatitis B surface antigen
using a novel electron spin resonance technique.” Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 66, No. 2, 2002, pp. 166-70.
[40] Saber, M., M. Omar, and H. Badawi. “Comparative studies in serological diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection.” J Hep Gast Inf Dis Vol. 3, 1995, pp. 47-51.
Badawi, et al. Int J Med Res Health Sci 2017, 6(11): 150-164
164
[41] El-Gohary A, Omar M, Fathy A, Uchida T. “Occult hepatitis B virus infections in Egypt.” Egyptian Journal of
Medical Microbiology Vol. 10, 2001, pp. 669-77.
[42] Van Doorn, Leen-Jan, et al. “Analysis of hepatitis C virus genotypes by a line probe assay and correlation with
antibody profiles.” Journal of Hepatology Vol. 21, No. 1, 1994, pp. 122-29.
[43] Kao, Jia-Horng, et al. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis
C.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 40, No. 11, 2002, pp. 4068-4071.
[44] Rasenack, Jens WF, et al. “Hepatitis B virus infection without immunological markers after open-heart
surgery.” The Lancet Vol. 345, No. 8946, 1995, pp. 355-57.
[45] Attallah, A. M., et al. “High prevalence of hepatitis B viral DNA in cirrhotic patients without surface
antigen.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 92, No. 5, 1998, pp. 516-17.
[46] Saber MA, Hala Badawi, Omar M, et al. “Comparative studies in serological diagnosis of hepatitis B virus
(HBV) infection. The role of serum HBV-DNA assessment.” Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association Vol.
79, No. 1-6, 1996, pp. 92-99.
[47] González, Sara, et al. “Hepatitis B and D genomes in hepatitis B surface antigen negative patients with chronic
hepatitis C.” Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 45, No. 2, 1995, pp. 168-173.
[48] Koike, Katsuro, et al. “Hepatitis B virus DNA is frequently found in liver biopsy samples from hepatitis C virusinfected
chronic hepatitis patients.” Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 54, No. 4, 1998, pp. 249-55.
[49] Shih, Chwen Ming, et al. “Suppression of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by hepatitis C virus core
protein in HuH-7 cells.” Journal of Virology Vol. 67, No. 10, 1993, pp. 5823-32.
[50] El-Sherif, Assem, et al. “Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen as a screening test for occult hepatitis B virus
infection in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients.” Journal of Gastroenterology Vol. 44, No. 4, 2009, pp. 359-64.
[51] Tamori, Akihiro, et al. “Sequencing of human-viral DNA junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma from patients
with HCV and occult HBV infection.” Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 69, No. 4, 2003, pp. 475-81.
[52] Hassan Moetaz, et al. “Role of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C
virus infection.” Kasr El-Aini Medical Journal Vol. 10, No. 1, 2004.
[53] Ramezani, Amitis, et al. “Serological pattern of anti-HBc alone infers occult hepatitis B virus infection in highrisk
individuals in Iran.” The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Vol. 4, No. 10, 2010, pp. 658-61.
[54] Minuk, Gerald Y., et al. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a North American adult hemodialysis patient
population.” Hepatology Vol. 40, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1072-77.
[55] Ersoy, Osman, et al. “Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Infection in Hemodialysis Patients.” Dialysis &
Transplantation Vol. 37, No. 9, 2008, pp. 362-68.
[56] Motta, Jorge S., et al. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection and lamivudine-resistant mutations in isolates from renal
patients undergoing hemodialysis.” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Vol. 25, No. 1, 2010, pp. 101-06.
[57] Di Stefano, Mariantonietta, et al. “Occult HBV infection in hemodialysis setting is marked by presence of
isolated antibodies to HBcAg and HCV.” Journal of Nephrology Vol. 22, No. 3, 2008, pp. 381-86.
[58] Fabrizi, Fabrizio, et al. “Hepatitis B virus infection in the dialysis population: Current perspectives.” The
International Journal of Artificial Organs Vol. 31, No. 5, 2008, pp. 386-94.
[59] Gwak, Geum-Youn, et al. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients in Korea.” Hepato-
Gastroenterology Vol. 55, No. 86-87, 2008, pp. 1721-24.
[60] El-Makarem, Mona A. Abu, et al. “Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients from
egypt with or without hepatitis C virus infection.” Hepatitis Monthly Vol. 12, No. 4, 2012, p. 253.
[61] Youssef, Ahmed, et al. “Molecular epidemiological study of hepatitis viruses in Ismailia, Egypt.” Intervirology Vol.
52, No. 3, 2009, pp. 123-31.
[62] Helaly, Ghada F., et al. “Occult hepatitis B virus infection among chronic hemodialysis patients in Alexandria,
Egypt.” Journal of Infection and Public Health Vol. 8, No. 6, 2015, pp. 562-69.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com