[1] Everhart, James E., and Constance E. Ruhl. “Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part I: overall and
upper gastrointestinal diseases.” Gastroenterology, Vol. 136, No. 2, 2009, pp. 376-86.
[2] Johanson, John F., and Amnon Sonnenberg. “The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation: an
epidemiologic study.” Gastroenterology, Vol. 98, No. 2, 1990, pp. 380-86.
[3] Loder, P.B., et al. “Haemorrhoids: Pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology.” British Journal of Surgery, Vol.
81, No. 7, 1994, pp. 946-54.
[4] Cohen, Z. “Symposium on outpatient anorectal procedures. Alternatives to surgical hemorrhoidectomy.” Canadian
Journal of Surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1985, pp. 230-31.
[5] Lorenzo-Rivero, Shauna. “Hemorrhoids: Diagnosis and current management.” The American Surgeon, Vol. 75,
No. 8, 2009, p. 635.
[6] Parks, A.G. “De haemorrhois; A study in surgical history.” Guy’s Hospital Reports, Vol. 104, No. 2, 1954, pp.
135-56.
[7] Ellesmore S. and Windsor ACJ. “Surgical history of haemorrhoids.” Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoids, edited
by Indru Khubchandani, Nina Paonessa and Khawaja Azimuddin, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008, pp. 1-6.
[8] Shafiq, Ahmed. “Surgical anatomy of hemorrhoids.” Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoids, edited by Indru
Khubchandani, Nina Paonessa and Khawaja Azimuddin, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008, pp. 7-14.
[9] Steele, Scott R., editor. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer Science & Business Media, 2016.
[10] Thomson, W.H.F. “The nature of haemorrhoids.” British Journal of Surgery Vol. 62, No. 7, 1975, pp. 542-52.
[11] Schubert, Moonkyung Cho, et al. “What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal
disorders.” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 15, No. 26, 2009, p. 3201.
[12] Riss, Stefan, et al. “The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults.” International Journal of Colorectal Disease, Vol.
27, No. 2, 2012, pp. 215-20.
[13] Lorenzo-Rivero, Shauna. “Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management.” The American Surgeon, Vol. 75,
No. 8, 2009, p. 635.
[14] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. November 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
[15] Kaidar-Person, Orit, Benjamin Person, and Steven D. Wexner. “Hemorrhoidal disease: a comprehensive
review.” Journal of the American College of Surgeons, Vol. 204, No. 1, 2007, pp. 102-17.
[16] Arroyo, A., et al. “Open versus closed day-case haemorrhoidectomy: is there any difference?” International
Journal of Colorectal Disease, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2004, pp. 370-73.
[17] Milligan, E.T.C., et al. “Surgical anatomy of the anal canal, and the operative treatment of haemorrhoids.” The
Lancet, Vol. 230, No. 5959, 1937, pp. 1119-24.
[18] Rivadeneira, David E., et al. “Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids (revised 2010).” Diseases
of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 54, No. 9, 2011, pp. 1059-64.
[19] Pfeifer, J. “Should we treat hemorrhoids according to the stage.” Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica, Vol. 51, No. 2,
2004, pp. 77-79.
Adil Shaker Al-Tamimi Int J Med Res Health Sci 2018, 7(1): 144-151
149
[20] Whitehead, Walter. “The surgical treatment of haemorrhoids.” British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1101, 1882,
p. 148.
[21] Andrews, E. “Disastrous results following Whitehead’s operation for piles and the so-called American
operation.” Columbus Medical Journal, Vol. 15, 1895, p. 97.
[22] Khubchandani, Moti. “Results of whitehead operation.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 27, No. 11, 1984,
pp. 730-32.
[23] Wolff, B.G. “The whitehead hemorrhoidectomy.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 31, No. 8, 1988, pp.
587-90.
[24] Cruz GMG. “Como o Coloproctologista Brasileiro Vê a Doença Hemorroidária - Análise de Dados Colhidos
de Questionário Dirigido aos Especialistas Filiados à Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia. [How Brazilian
Coloproctologists See Hemorrhoidal Diseases - Analysis of Data Collected from a Questionnaire Answered by
Specialists Members of the Brazilian Society od Coloproctology]” Revista Brasileira de Coloproctologia, Vol.
29, No. 2, 2009, pp. 174-91.
[25] Borba MR, Sobrado Jr CW, Sokol S. “Hemorroidectomia pela técnicafechada (Técnica de Sokol) - Análise de
322 doentes.” Revista Brasileira de Coloproctologia, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1977, pp. 98-100.
[26] Ruiz-Moreno, Fidel. “Semiclosed technique.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1977, pp. 177-82.
[27] Obando, R.N. “Hemorrhoids.” An Alap, Vol. 1, 1966, p. 110.
[28] Al-Nasir, Ghassan A. “Open hemorrhoidectomy: Modified Miligan Morgan Ligation and Excision Technique.”
International Journal of Green Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001, pp. 30-31.
[29] Al-Hawaz, Mazin Hawaz. “A method for haemorrhoidectomy using monopolar diathermy with wound closure.”
Basrah Journal of Surgery, Vol. 10, 2004, pp. 23-27.
[30] Breivik, Else Kristine, Gudmundur A. Björnsson, and Eva Skovlund. “A comparison of pain rating scales by
sampling from clinical trial data.” The Clinical Journal of Pain, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2000, pp. 22-28.
[31] Armstrong, David N., et al. “Harmonic Scalpel® Hemorrhoidectomy.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 45,
No. 3, 2002, pp. 354-59.
[32] Ramadan, E., T. Vishne, and Z. Dreznik. “Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: preliminary results of a new
alternative method.” Techniques in Coloproctology, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2002, pp. 89-92.
[33] Fazio, Victor W. “Early promise of stapling technique for haemorrhoidectomy.” The Lancet, Vol. 355, No. 9206,
2000, pp. 768-69.
[34] Mehigan, Brian J., John RT Monson, and John E. Hartley. “Stapling procedure for haemorrhoids versus Milligan-
Morgan haemorrhoidectomy: randomised controlled trial.” The Lancet, Vol. 355, No. 9206, 2000, pp. 782-85.
[35] Khan, S., et al. “Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 44, No. 6, 2001, pp.
845-49.
[36] Kwok, S.Y., et al. “A Double-Blind, Randomized trial comparing LigasureTM and harmonic ScalpelTM
hemorrhoidectomy.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2005, pp. 344-48.
[37] MacRae, Helen M., and Robin S. McLeod. “Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatments: A meta-analysis.” Canadian
Journal of Surgery, Vol. 40, No. 1, 1997, p. 14.
[38] De la Garza, Mauricio, and Timothy C. Counihan. “Complications of hemorrhoid surgery.” Seminars in Colon
and Rectal Surgery. Vol. 24. No. 2, 2013.
[39] Aziz, Adnan, et al. “Open haemorrhoidectomy versus closed haemorrhoidectomy: the choice should be clear.”
Pakistan Journal of Surgery, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2008, pp. 254-58.
[40] Hasan, Azmat, Muhammad Taimur, and Muhammad Imran. “A comparison between open and closed
hemorrhoidectomy.” Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2011, pp. 114-16.
[41] Malik, Gulzar Ahmed, Abdul Wahab, and Imtiaz Ahmed. “Haemorrhoidectomy: Open versus closed
technique.” Journal of Surgery Pakistan, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2009, pp. 170-72.
Adil Shaker Al-Tamimi Int J Med Res Health Sci 2018, 7(1): 144-151
150
[42] Muhammad Khurram Zia, et al. “Outcome of closed Ferguson’s hemorrhoidectomy vs open Milligan Morgan
hemorrhoidectomy.” Pakistan Journal of Surgery, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2014, pp. 128-31.
[43] Santos, Guilherme de Almeida, et al. “Surgical complications in 2,840 cases of hemorrhoidectomy by Milligan-
Morgan, Ferguson and combined techniques.” Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro), Vol. 32, No. 3, 2012,
pp. 271-90.
[44] Gravié, Jean François, et al. “Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a
prospective, randomized, multicenter trial with 2-year postoperative follow up.” Annals of Surgery, Vol. 242,
No. 1, 2005, p. 29.
[45] Racalbuto, A., et al. “Hemorrhoidal stapler prolapsectomy vs. Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a long-term
randomized trial.” International Journal of Colorectal Disease, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2004, pp. 239-44.
[46] Mastakov, M.Y., P.G. Buettner, and YH. Ho. “Updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
comparing conventional excisional haemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure for haemorrhoids.” Techniques in
Coloproctology, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2008, p. 229.
[47] Giordano, Pasquale, et al. “Long-term outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs conventional hemorrhoidectomy:
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” Archives of Surgery, Vol. 144, No. 3, 2009, pp. 266-72.
[48] Lawes, D.A., et al. “One year follow up of a randomized trial comparing Ligasure™ with open
haemorrhoidectomy.” Colorectal Disease, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2004, pp. 233-35.
[49] Argov, Samuel, Olga Levandovsky, and Danielle Yarhi. “Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy under local
anesthesia - an old operation that stood the test of time.” International Journal of Colorectal Disease, Vol. 27,
No. 7, 2012, pp. 981-85.
[50] Peters, C.J., et al. “Ligasure™ vs. conventional diathermy haemorrhoidectomy: long-term follow-up of a
randomised clinical trial.” Colorectal Disease, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2005, pp. 350-53.
[51] Wang, Jaw-Yuan, et al. “Randomized controlled trial of LigaSure with submucosal dissection versus Ferguson
hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsed hemorrhoids.” World Journal of Surgery, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2006, pp. 462-66.
[52] Ganchrow, Mandell I., et al. “Hemorrhoidectomy revisited-a computer analysis of 2,038 cases.” Diseases of the
Colon & Rectum, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1971, pp. 128-33.
[53] Senagore, A.J., et al. “A prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter trial comparing stapled hemorrhoidopexy
and Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy: perioperative and one-year results.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 47,
No. 11, 2004, pp. 1824-36.
[54] Khubchandani, I.T., H.D. Trimpi, and J.A. Sheets. “Closed hemorrhoidectomy with local anesthesia.” Surgery,
Gynecology & Obstetrics, Vol. 135, No. 6, 1972, p. 955.
[55] Candela, G., et al. “The gold standard in the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease. Milligan-Morgan
haemorrhoidectomy vs Longo mucoprolapsectomy: comparing techniques.” Minerva Chirurgica, Vol. 62, No.
3, 2007, pp. 151-59.
[56] Sielezneff, I., et al. “Early postoperative morbidity after hemorrhoidectomy using the Milligan-Morgan technic.
A retrospective study of 1,134 cases.” Journal de chirurgie, Vol. 134, No. 5-6, 1997, pp. 243-47.
[57] Halverson, Amy. “Hemorrhoids.” Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, Vol. 20, No. 02, 2007, pp. 077-085.
[58] Allegra, G. “Experiences with mechanical staplers: Hemorrhoidectomy using a circular stapler.” Il Giornale di
chirurgia, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1990, p. 95.
[59] Brisinda, Giuseppe, et al. “Surgical treatment of anal stenosis.” World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, Vol.
15, No. 16, 2009, p. 1921.
[60] Madoff, Robert D., and James W. Fleshman. “American gastroenterological association technical review on the
diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids.” Gastroenterology, Vol. 126, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1463-73.
[61] Mukhashavria, Gela A., and Maia A. Qarabaki. “Circumferential excisional hemorrhoidectomy for extensive
acute thrombosis: a 14-year experience.” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 54, No. 9, 2011, pp. 1162-69.
Adil Shaker Al-Tamimi Int J Med Res Health Sci 2018, 7(1): 144-151
151
[62] Geçim İE. HemoroidalHastalık. In: Menteş B, Bulut MT, Alabaz Ö, Leventoğlu S, editors. AnorektalBölgeninS
elimHastalıkları. TürkKolonveRektumCerrahisiDerneğiYayınları; İstanbul: 2011. pp. 53-69.
[63] Erzurumlu, Kenan, et al. “The whitehead operation procedure: Is it a useful technique?” Turkish Journal of
Surgery, Vol. 33, No. 3, 2017, p. 190.
[64] Rand, Arthur A. “Whitehead’s radical circumferential hemorrhoidectomy: Modified sliding skin-flap
grafts.” Surgical Clinics of North America, Vol. 52, No. 4, 1972, pp. 1031-45.
Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com
