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Environmental Implications of the Geochemical Dispersion of Heavy Metals in Soils and Water in Okpoma Area, Southeastern Nigeria

Journal Name:

  • International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations

Publication Year:

  • 2017

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
An assessment of the distribution of selected heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Zn, Sr, Ni, Ba, Cd, As, Cu and Fe) in soils and waters in Okpoma area within the Lower Benue Trough was carried out to investigate their environmental implication. The soil and water samples were prepared and analyzed for their metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) model PG 990. Organic matter content (OM) and pH of the soil samples were also determined. The analytical result showed that, unlike most parts of the Benue Trough, all the elements studied were below the local threshold and regional background value in soils. The distribution pattern of the heavy metals shows that, Fe and Mn have higher concentration in the soils of the area. Fe was distributed more around areas that are frequently flooded, while Mn was distributed more around areas of high human activities. The same pattern was observed in water; however the distribution in water were more around flooded areas. The distribution of Fe was consistently high in Ugwaba and Ijama area, while Mn was distributed more in Akpakpa area. The enrichment factor value shows that the soil of the area has been minimally to moderately contaminate with the heavy metals studied. All the elements studied showed negative to weak correlation with each other. The concentration of the elements in water were lower when compared with that of the soil, some elements (Mn and As) had values above the World Health Organization guidelines value for drinking water quality. Others (Ba, Cd and Pb) were not detected in water. Result of R-mode factor analysis indicates that pH, organic content, agricultural activities and lithology are the factors controlling the distribution of metals in the area.
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International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volume 6, Issue 69, October 2017 113
www.IJSEI.com Paper ID: 66917-16
ISSN: 2251-8843
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