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HAVZA AMENAJMANININ DÜNÜ, BUGÜNÜ, YARINI

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT THROUGHOUT THE WORLD: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Watershed management, often thought of as a 20'1' century development, is rooted in the history of human civilization. This concept has been an integral part of forest and range management in the U.S.A. throughout the 20"' century. At the beginning of the century, water shed management was for water supply and flood prevention. By mid - century, the interpretation of watershed management had broadened to encompass recreation, range, wildlife, and fish purposes. In the last quarter of the 20th century, legistation and concepts like ecosystem management have further broadened the goals of watershed management beyond that of water supply production and flood prevention. The 21s1 century is obviously going to be an era for realization of international projects for comprehensive river basin developments. Watershed management can play an important role under the present increasing population pressures and the public demand for greater productivity and multiple use of forest and related lands.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Eski çağlardan günümüze kadar gelen havza ıslah ve yönetimi (havza amenajmanı) konsepti, Hindistan'da İ.Ö. I 000 yıllarından kalma Veda3' metinlerinde bile tanımlanmıştır. Bu konsept, XX. yüzyılda Kuzey Amerika'da orman ve mer'a amenajmanının ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuş, fakat amacı ve hedefleri önemli ölçüde genişlemiştir. Yüzyılın başlarında ormancılık kapsamında havza amenajmanının amacı su teminine ve taşkınların önlenmesine yönelik iken, yüzyılın ortalarında orman ve havza amenajmanının yorumu rekreasyonu, mer'aları, yaban hayatını ve balık üretimini de kapsayacak şekilde gelişmiştir. XX. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde ise orman amenajmanı, çevre koruması ve nesli tükenmekte olan türler konularında çıkarılan yasalar ve ekosistem amenajmanı gibi kavramlar, havza amenajmanının hedeflerini ve önemini, su üretiminin ve taşkınları önlemenin çok ötesine taşımıştır. XXI. yüzyıl, çok büyük akarsu havzalarının düzenlenmesi için uluslararası projelerin gerçekleştirileceği bir dönem olacaktır. Havza amenajmanı, artan nüfus baskısının hafifletilmesinde ve kamuoyunun verimlilik artışı, ormanların ve onunla ilişkili arazilerin çok amaçlı kullanımı doğrultusundaki taleplerinin karşılanmasında önemli bir rol oynayabilir.
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