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Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Tabanlı Heyelan Duyarlılık Haritalarının Hazırlanmasına Bir Örnek: Çayeli (Rize, KD Türkiye)

An Example for Preparation of GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility Maps: Çayeli (Rize, NE Türkiye)

Journal Name:

  • Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Landslides are leading natural disasters occurring in the Black Sea Region, which is one of the regions receiving a great deal of rain and which is the roughest one in our country, particularly the Eastern Black Sea. In the region, the damage caused by landslides is greater than that caused by earthquakes in the long term. In this study, the landslides that occurred in Çayeli in July 2002 as a result of heavy rain were investigated and the landslide susceptibility map was prepared for the study area. Initially, a landslide inventory map was created and 149 landslides in total were mapped. Based on field investigations, the factors of lithology-weathering, slope angle, slope aspect, landcover, elevation and proximity to river were evaluated as the parameters causing the landslides. Using topographical and thematic maps, the parameter maps were created in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment,. Associating the maps with the current landslides, their frequency ratio values were determined. In the light of these evaluations, it is thought that completely weathered dacite and pyroclastics, and completely weathered andesite-basalt and pyroclastics are effective in the landslide occurrence. The slope classes between 0º and 20º, northward-northeastward slopes and the elevation classes between 0 and 200 m were regarded as significant according to the obtained values. Similarly, landcover classes from agricultural and settlement area, and proximity to river classes between 0 - 100 m are parameter classes considered significant in paired comparisons. Then, weighted values were calculated and by taking these values into account, a landslide susceptibility map was created. Finally, to analyse the performance of the map, the current landslides and the susceptibility map were compared and 81% of current landslides were determined to be situated in susceptible, highly susceptible and very highly susceptible areas
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Ülkemizin en fazla yağış alan ve engebeli bölgelerinden biri olan Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde ve özellikle de Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü’nde meydana gelen doğal afetlerin başında heyelanlar gelmektedir. Bölge açısından heyelanların oluşturduğu hasar, uzun vadede dikkate alındığında, depremden daha fazladır. Bu çalışmada, Çayeli yöresinde 2002 yılı temmuz ayındaki sağanak yağış sonucunda meydana gelen heyelanlar araştırılmış ve inceleme alanının heyelan duyarlılık haritası hazırlanmıştır. İlk olarak heyelan envanter haritası oluşturulmuş ve toplam 149 adet heyelan haritalanmıştır. Arazi incelemeleri sonucunda litoloji-ayrışma, yamaç eğimi, yamaç eğim yönü, arazi örtüsü, yükseklik, akarsuya yakınlık faktörleri, heyelana neden olan parametreler olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İnceleme alanına ait topoğrafik ve tematik haritalar kullanılarak Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) tabanında parametre haritaları üretilmiştir. Haritalar mevcut heyelanlarla ilişkilendirilerek frekans oranı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Bu değerlendirmelere göre, tamamen ayrışmış dasit ve piroklastitleri ile tamamen ayrışmış andezit-bazalt ve piroklastitlerinin heyelan oluşumunda etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yine eğim sınıflarından 0º - 20º arası, yamaç eğim yönü sınıflarından kuzey-kuzeydoğuya bakan yamaçlar, topoğrafik yükseklik sınıflarından 0 - 200 m arasındaki yükseklik sınıfları elde edilen değerlere göre önemli görülmüştür. Benzer şekilde tarımsal alan ve yerleşim alanlarından oluşan arazi sınıfları ile 0 - 100 m arasındaki akarsuya yakınlık sınıfları da ikili karşılaştırmalarda önemli olarak değerlendirilen parametre sınıflarıdır. Daha sonra ağırlık değerleri hesaplanmış ve bu değerler dikkate alınarak heyelan duyarlılık haritası üretilmiştir. Son olarak üretilen haritanın performansını analiz etmek için mevcut heyelanlarla duyarlılık haritası karşılaştırılmış ve mevcut heyelanların % 81’inin duyarlı, yüksek ve çok yüksek duyarlı alanlarda bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.
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