You are here

Home » Content

TONİ MORRİSON’IN KATRAN BEBEK VE EN MAVİ GÖZ ROMANLARINDA KADINLARIN ÜZERİNDEKİ ÜÇLÜ BASKI

TRIPLE OPPRESSION ON WOMEN IN TONI MORRISON’S TAR BABY AND THE BLUEST EYE

Journal Name:

  • The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies

Publication Year:

  • 2013
DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS1649

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
This article intends to interpret Morrison’s novels, Tar Baby and The Bluest Eye considering primarily the black women’s oppression and their struggles in the oppressive environments they inhabit as well as the white women’s positioning in the patriarchal society. This study discusses the effects of Western beauty concept on the characters of both of Morrison’s novels as a universal standard requiring whiteness in American society which leads self destruction and sexual objectification of women. Both of Morrison’s novels elaborate domestic violence, rape and white beauty standards. However, The Bluest Eye solely concentrates on black feminist problems while her novel Tar Baby also stresses the suppression of white women along with the black women’s issues. White or black, all women experience different kind of subordination and varying levels of oppression. No matter what class, race or position in the society they have, someone as desperate as Pecola in The Bluest Eye and as beautiful and successful as Jadine or though being white and beautiful like Margaret in Tar Baby, women are treated as subordinate by men. However, the African American women’s position in the society seems harsherthan white women in general since they experience triple oppression as race, class and gender simultaneously. Therefore, questioning the impact of class differences, gender oppression and racism and also the differences of skin color which elevates the status of those light skinned blacks whereas aggravates the sufferings of the ones with the darker skins, both within the black community and within society as a whole is critical to understand the black women’s positioning.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu makale Morrison'un romanları, Katran Bebek ve En Mavi Göz’ü öncelikle siyah kadınların ezilmesi ve onların baskıcı ortamlardaki mücadelelerini ve ayrıca ataerkil bir toplumda beyaz kadınların konumlarını göz önünde bulundurarak yorumlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, kadınların cinsel nesneleştirilmesine ve kendilerini yoketmelerine yol açan Batı güzelliği kavramının Morrison’ın her iki romanında karakterlere etkisini Amerikan toplumunda beyazlık gerektiren evrensel bir standart olarak tartışmaktadır. Morrison’ın her iki romanı da aile içi şiddet, tecavüz ve beyaz güzellik standartları üzerinde durmaktadır. Ancak, En Mavi Göz sadece siyah feminist sorunları üzerinde konsantre olurken, Katran Bebek siyah kadın sorunları ile birlikte beyaz kadının baskılanmasını da vurgulamaktadır. Beyaz veya siyah, tüm kadınlar farklı türlerde bir boyun eğme ve çeşitli düzeylerde baskı yaşarlar. Toplumda sahip oldukları sınıf, ırk ya da konumları ne olursa olsun, En Mavi Göz’deki Pecola kadar umutsuz ve Katran Bebek’deki Jadine kadar başarılı ve güzel ya da Margaret gibi beyaz ve güzel olsalar da, kadınlar erkekler tarafından aşağı kabul edilir. Ancak, Afrika kökenli Amerikalı kadınlar ırk, sınıf ve cinsiyet ayrımı şeklindeki üçlü baskıya eş zamanlı olarak maruz kaldıkları için onların toplumdaki konumları genel olarak beyaz kadınlardan daha kötü görünmektedir. Bu yüzden sınıf farklılıkları, cinsiyet baskısı, ırkçılık ve ayrıca açık tenli siyahların durumunu yükseltip koyu renklilerin acılarını ağırlaştıran ten rengi farklılıklarının etkisinin sorgulanması hem siyah topluluk içinde ve hem de bir bütün olarak toplum içerisinde siyah kadınların konumlarını anlamak açısından önemlidir.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon 959891961_23depciaytemis-vd-455-473.pdf
  • 6
455-473
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

BEAL, Frances M. "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female." Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 8.2, 2008, 166-176. Project MUSE. Web. 13 Mar. 2013. .
BERKELEY, Kathleen C. The Women’s Liberation Movement in America, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1999.
COLEMAN, James. “The Quest for Wholeness in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby.” Black American Literature Forum, Vol. 20, 1986, 63-73. COLLİNS, Patricia Hill. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment, Routledge Classics, 1st edition, 2008.
DENARD, Carolyn. ‚The Convergence of Feminism and Ethnicity in the Fiction of Toni Morrison.‛ Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Ed. Nellie Y. McKay. Boston: Hall, 1988, 171-9.
DUVALL, John N. ‚Descent in the ‘House of Chloe’: Race, Rape, and Identity in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby.‛ Contemporary Literature 38, no. 2, 1997, 325-50.
FEIFER, Megan, and Maher, Jennifer. ‚The History of Black Feminism and Womanism: Their Emergence from the Modern Women's Movement.‛ University of Utah, 8 March 2005. 6 Apr. 2011 http://lists.econ.utah.edu/pipermail/margins-to-centre/2005-March/000263...
GERRIG, Richard J. and Banaji, Mahzarin R. ‚Names and the Construction of Identity: Evidence from Toni Morrison's Tar Baby.‛ Poetics, 20, 1991, 173-92.
GIDDINGS, Paula. Where and When I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: Harper Collins, 1984.
GILLIGAN, James. Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.
GOYAL, Yogita. ‚The Gender of Diaspora in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby‛. MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 52, Number 2, 2006, 393-414.
HARRIS, Trudier. Exorcising Blackness: Historical and Literary Lynching and Burning Rituals. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1984.
HOOKS, bell. Ain't I a Woman : Black Women and Feminism. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1981.
HOOKS, bell. Talking Back. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1989.
HOOKS, bell. Femisim for Everybody. Cambridge, MA : South End, 2000.
Triple Oppression On Women In Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby And The Bluest Eye 473
JARRET, Macauley D. Reconstructing Womanhood, Reconstructing Feminism. New York: Routledge, 1996.
KUBITSCHEK, Missy Dehn. Toni Morrison: A Critical Companion. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998.
LEITCH, Vincent B. Cultural Criticism, Literary Theory, Poststructuralism, New York : Columbia University Press, 1992.
MILLS, Fiona. ‚Diasporic Displacement and the Search for Black Female Identity in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby and Nadine Gordimer's None to Accompany Me.‛ Safundi, Volume 2, Issue 4, 2001, 1 – 8.
MOFFITT, Letitia L. ‚Finding the Door: Vision/Revision and Stereotype in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby.‛ Critique, Volume 46, No. 1, 2004, 12-26.
MORRISON, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: A Plume/Penguin Book, 1994.
MORRISON, Toni. The Nobel Lecture in Literature. New York: Knopf, 1995.
MORRISON, Toni. Tar Baby . London: Vintage Books, 2004.
MORRISON, Toni. ‚What the Black Woman Thinks about Women’s Lib,‛ New York Times Magazine, 22 Aug. 1971, 63.
MULLINGS, Leith. On Our Own Terms: Race, Class, and Gender in the Lives of African American Women. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997.
NUBUKPO, Komla M. ‚Men's power and the rhetoric of black women's Visibility in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby.‛ Sciences Sociales et Humaines, Rev. Cames - Série B, Vol. 00, 1998, 8-13.
PAGE, Philip. Dangerous Freedom: Fusion and Fragmentation in Toni Morrison's Novels. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995.
PEREIRA, Malin Walther. ‚Periodizing Toni Morrison's Work from The Bluest Eye to Jazz: The Importance of Tar Baby.‛ MELUS, Vol. 22, No.3, 1997, 71 – 82.
RIGNEY, Barbara ‚Hagar’s Mirror: Self and Identity in Morrison’s Fiction‛ Toni Morrison, Contemporary Critical Essays, Ed. Linden Peach, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998, 52 – 69.
WASHINGTON, Mary Helen. ‚The Darkened Eye Restored: Notes Toward a Literary History of Black Women‛ Reading Black, Reading Feminist, Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr. New York: Meridian, 1990, 30-43.
WEBER, Lynn, ‚A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality‛, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 1998, 13-22.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com