You are here

Home » Content

REFORM SÜRECİNDEKİ AVRUPA’DA TİCARET YASAĞINDAN KURTULUŞ

ESCAPE FROM THE COMMERCE PROHIBITION IN THE REFORMATION PROCESS OF EUROPE

Journal Name:

  • Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2013

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The church fathers and the scholastic doctors of the Middle Ages looked with favour upon husbandry and workmanship but regarded trade with distrust because it was an occupation with money which, although not wicked in itself, nevertheless endangered the salvation of the soul. According to the canon law practicers, to take usury that means pay surplus in borrowing or buying is always forbidden to everybody, but to trade is sometimes allowed and sometimes prohibited. The profits come from trade which all of them illgotten so the canon laws warns that every purity man must be avoid the occasion of sin in the process of buying and selling. The Holy Bible to curse the usurer who nearly all of them merchants, they are all damnable because buy sin but sell time which belong to God. According to church, the works of God are all good, but merchants who pursuit gain are worship to Mammon who is deity of money, and in reality money is an image of Satan (Ba’al) that he is a wicked spirit.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Orta Çağ kilise babalarının ve skolastik doktorların, çiftçiliği ve zanaatkarlığı himaye etmelerine, parayla yapılan her uğraşıyı da günahkarlık olarak görmemelerine rağmen; parayla ilgilenmenin ruhun kurtuluşunu tehlikeye atması nedeniyle, üretilen ürünlerin alınıp satılmasını şüpheyle karşılamışlardır. Kilise kanununu uygulayanlar, borçlanmalarda ve satın alışlarda fazla ödemeyi ifade eden tefeciliği herkese yasaklamalarına rağmen, ticarete bazen izin vermiş bazen de yasak getirmişlerdir. Ticaretten sağlanılan kârların tamamının haram olması nedeniyle, kilise kanunları, alış ile satış işlemi esnasında günaha girmekten sakınmaları gerektiği konusunda her dindarı uyarmıştır. Kutsal Kitap, günahı satın alıp karşılığında da tanrıya ait olan zamanı vermeleri nedeniyle, neredeyse tamamı tüccar olan tefecileri lanetlemiştir. Kiliseye göre, Tanrının işlerinin her yönüyle iyi olmasına rağmen, kazanç peşinde koşan tüccarlar paranın tanrısı Mammon’a tapmaktadır; gerçekte para, kötü ruh olan şeytanın (Baal’in) putudur.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastrmx_25823_4_pp_149-168.pdf
  • 5
149-168
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

Adelson H.L. (1962). Medieval Commerce, Van Nostrand publisher, Princeton
Clarence S. (1975). Medieval Law Teachers and writers, Ashgate Publishing, Ottowa
Day J. (1987). The medieval market economy, B.Blackwell Press New York
De Roover R. (1948). Money, Banking and Credit in Mediaeval Bruges, Beard Books, Cambridge
Dopsch A. (1937). The economic and social foundations of European civilization, Taylor&Francis Books,
London
Freyer H. (1954). Endüstri Çağı, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Gemahling P. (1939). Büyük Ekonomistler, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Herlihy B. (1968). Medieval Culture and Society, D.Dobson, London
Hodgett G. A.J. (1972). A social and economic history of medieval Europe, Routledge, London
Hunt E.S. (2004). A History Business in Medieval Europe 1200-1550, Koller, New York
Knight M. (1964). Economic history of Europe to the end of the middle ages, Mifflin Company, Houghton,
Boston
Lowry T.S. (1998). Ancient and medieval economic ideas and concepts of social justice, Library of
Congress Catalogina, Leiden, New York
Neumark F. (1943). İktisadi Düşünce Tarihi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
O’Brien G. (1967). An Essay on Medieval Economic Teaching, Augustus M. Kelley Publishers, New York
Pirenne H. (1982). Orta Çağ Kentleri, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul
Parks T. (2005). Medici Money : Banking, Metaphysics and Art in Fifteenth Century Florance, W.W.Norton
Publisher, New York
Postan M.M. (1981). Medieval Trade and Finance, Heineman Publisher, London
Raitt J. (1987) Christian Spiritually : High Middle Ages and Reformation, Crossroad Press, New York
Robertson H.M. (1933). Aspects of the Rise of Economic Individualism, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
See H. (1972). Modern Kapitalizmin Oluşumu, Turan Neşriyat Yurdu, İstanbul
Shatzmiller J. (1990). Sylock Reconsidered : Jews , Moneylending and Medieval Society, University of
California Press, Berkeley
Thompson J. (1960). Economic and social history of Europe in the later Middle Ages, F.Ungar Publisher,
New York
Ullman W. (1969). The Medieval Idea of Law, IHS press,New York
Weber M. (1950). General Economic History, Greenberg Publisher, Illinois
Wood D. (2005). Medieval Economic Thought, B.Blackwell, New York

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com