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Ontolojik Özneden Etik “Ben”e

From the Ontological Subject to the Ethical “I”

Journal Name:

  • Kaygı: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2009

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
This study focuses on Emmanuel Levinas’s ethical metaphysics, which gives priority to ethics over traditional Western philosophical approaches that begin first with ontology, the knowledge of being. Because ontology, as knowledge or the theory of being, includes an epistemology at the beginning, and every question about being requires an epistemology, Levinas’s conception of ontology cannot be separated from its epistemological implications. By all means, the Levinasian critique of Western philosophy is not merely a critique and an analysis of ontology and epistemology in a neutral style, but it shows that every ontological question about being fails to recognize the very ethical relation and depends upon an egoistic relation of the Self to the Other. According to Levinas, based upon human reason, the ontological or epistemological approaches of Western philosophy have not only failed to recognize the Other but reduced the Other to the Self. Contrary to Western philosophical approaches, Levinas finds the possibility of real ethical relation to the Other in the face-to-face relationship with the Other, in which the face of the Other awakens the Self.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışma, hareket noktası olarak öncelikle ontolojiyi, yani varlığın bilgisini alan geleneksel Batı felsefesine ait yaklaşımlar karşısında, etiğe öncelik tanıyan Levinas’ın etik metafiziğine odaklanmaktadır. Varlığın bilgisi veya teorisi olarak ontoloji, daha başlangıcında, bir epistemoloji içerdiğinden ve varlık hakkındaki her soruşturma bir epistemolojiyi gerektirdiğinden dolayı, Levinas’ın ontoloji kavrayışı da epistemolojik imalarından ayrılamaz. Şüphesiz ki, Levinas’ın Batı felsefesi eleştirisi sadece tarafsız bir tarz içerisinde gerçekleştirilen bir ontoloji ve epistemoloji analizi veya eleştirisi değildir, fakat o, varlığa dair her ontolojik soruşturmanın, hakiki etik ilişkiyi takdir etmede başarısızlığa uğradığını ve Benin Ötekine yönelik egoistik ilişkisine dayandığını göstermeye matuftur. Levinas’a gore, Batı felsefesinin, insan aklına dayanan ontolojik veya epistemolojik yaklaşım tarzları, sadece Ötekini takdir etmede başarısızlığa uğramazlar, fakat aynı zamanda Ötekini Ben’e indirgerler. Batının felsefî yaklaşımlarına karşıt bir biçimde, Levinas, Ötekiyle kurulacak olan gerçek etik ilişkinin imkânını, Ötekinin yüzünün Beni ayıltıp, farkına varmasını sağladığı, Ötekiyle gerçekleştirilen yüzyüze ilişki içerisinde bulur.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
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  • 13
42-50
  • Turkish

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From the Ontological Subject to the Ethical “I”
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