Unpacking the Relationship between Mobile Phone Usage Patterns, Network Size, and Civic Engagement

AAPOR.
(2009)
. Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for
surveys (6th ed.). Lenexa, KS: AAPOR. Anderson, C. J. (1996). Political Action and Social Integration. American Politics Quarterly,
24(1), 105-204.
Besley, J. C. (2006). The role of entertainment television and its interactions with individual
values in explaining political participation. The Harvard International Journal of
Press/Politics, 11 (2), 41-63. Best, S., & Krueger, B. (2005). Analyzing the representativeness of internet political
participation. Political Behavior, 27(2), 183-216. Buddie.com. (2014). South Korea - Mobile Market - Overview, Statistics and Forecasts.
http://www.budde.com.au/Research/South-Korea-Mobile-Market-Overview-
Statistics-and-Forecasts.html#sthash.Jmuvrmb4.dpuf. Campbell, S. W., & Kwak, N. (2010a). Mobile communication and social capital: An analysis
of geographically differentiated usage patterns. New Media & Society, 12(3), 435-451. Campbell, S. W., & Kwak, N. (2010b). Mobile communication and civic life: Linking
patterns of use to civic and political engagement. Journal of Communication, 60(3),
536-555.
Campbell, S., & Kwak, N. (2011). Political involvement in "Mobilized" society: The
interactive relationships among mobile communication, network characteristics, and political participation. Journal of Communication, 61(6), 1005-1032.
Cappella, J. N., Price, V., & Nir, L. (2002). Argument repertoire as a reliable and valid measure of opinion quality: Electronic dialogue during campaign 2000. Political Communication, 19(1), 73-93.
Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Castells, M., & Portes, A. (1989). World underneath: The origins, dynamics, and effects of
the informal economy. In A. Portes (Ed.), The informal economy: Studies in advanced and less developed countries (pp. 11-37). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Charney, T., & Greenberg, B. S. (2002). Uses and gratifications of the Internet. In C. Lin & D. Atkin (Eds.), Communication technology and society: Audience adoption and uses (pp. 379-407). New York: Hampton Press.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
190
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation model. MIS
Quarterly, 22(1), vii-xvi.
Cho, J., Rojas, H., & Shah, D. V. (2003). Social capital and media. In K. Christensen & D.
Levinson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of community: From the village to the virtual world
(pp. 1291 -1295). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cho, J., Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., McLeod, D. M., Scholl, R. M., Gotlieb, M. R. (2009).
Campaign, reflection, and deliberation: Advancing an O-S-R-O-R model of
communication effects. Communication Theory, 19(1), 66-88. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
Eveland, W. P. (2004). The effect of political discussion in producing informed citizens: The roles of information, motivation, and elaboration. Political Communication, 21(2), 177-193.
Eveland Jr, W. P., Hutchens, M. J., & Morey, A. C. (2013). Political network size and its
antecedents and consequences. Political Communication, 30(3), 371-394. Eveland, W. P., & Hively, M. H. (2009). Political discussion frequency, network size, and
"heterogeneity" of discussion as predictors of political knowledge and participation.
Journal of Communication, 59(2), 205-224. Eveland, W. P., Jr., Shah, D. V., & Kwak, N. (2003). Assessing causality: A panel study of
motivations, information processing and learning during campaign 2000.
Communication Research, 30(4), 359-386. Field, J. (2003). Social capital. New York: Routledge
Gastil, J., & Dillard, J. P. (1999). Increasing Political Sophistication Through Public
Deliberation. Political Communication, 16(1), 3-23. Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., & Boudreau, M. C. (2000). Structural equation modeling and
regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of the Association for
Information Systems, 4, Article 7. Gergen, K. J. (2008). Mobile communication and the transformation of the democratic
process. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of mobile communication studies (pp. 297-310).
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Gil de Züniga, H., & Rojas, H. (2010). Analisis de los efectos de los blogs en la sociedad de
la informacion. Comunicacion y Ciudadania, 2(3), 60-71.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
191
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
Gil de Züniga, H., & Valenzuela, S. (2011). The mediating path to a stronger citizenship:
Online and offline networks, weak ties, and civic engagement. Communication
Research, 38(3), 397-421. Gil de Züniga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and
individuals' social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 17(3), 319-336. Gil de Zuniga, H., Puig-I-Abril, E., & Rojas, H. (2009). Weblogs, traditional sources online
and political participation: an assessment of how the internet is changing the political
environment. New Media & Society, 11(4), 553-574. Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6),
1360-1380.
Granovetter, M. S. (1982). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. In P. V.
Marsden & N. Lin (Eds.), Social structure and network analysis (pp. 105-130).
Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Habuchi, I. (2005). Accelerating reflexivity. In M. Ito, D. Okabe & M. Matsuda (Eds.),
Personal, portable, pedestrian: Mobile phones in Japanese life (pp. 165-182).
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of
partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the
Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433. Hampton, K. N., Sessions, L. F., & Her, E. J. (2011). Core networks, social isolation, and
new media: How Internet and mobile phone use is related to network size and
diversity. Information, Communication & Society, 14(1), 130-155. Hermanns, H. (2008). Mobile democracy: Mobile phones as democratic tools. Politics, 28(2),
74-82.
Howson, C., & Urbach, P. (2005). Scientific Reasoning: the Bayesian Approach (3rd ed.).
Chicago, IL: Open Court. Huckfeldt, R., Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J., & Levine, J. (1995). Political environments,
cohesive social groups, and the communication of public opinion. American Journal
of Political Science, 39(4), 1025-1054. Huckfeldt, R., Mendez, J. M., & Osborn, T. (2004). Disagreement, ambivalence, and
engagement: The political consequences of heterogeneous networks. Political
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
192
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
Psychology, 25(1), 65-95.
Kavanaugh, A., Caroll, J. M., Rosson, M. B., Zin, T. T., & Reese, D. D. (2005). Community
networks: Where offline and communities meet online. Journal of Computer-
Mediated-Communication, 10(4), article 3. Retrieved May 6, 2015 from
http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue4/kavanaugh.html. Kavanaugh, A. L., & Patterson, S. J. (2002). The Impact of Community Computer Networks
on Social Capital and Community Involvement in Blacksburg. In B. Wellman & C. A.
Haythornthwaite (Eds.), The Internet in everyday life (pp. 325-344). Malden, MA:
Blackwell Publishing.
Kaye, B. K. (1998). Uses and gratifications of the World Wide Web: From couch potato to Web potato. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 6(1), 21-40.
Klofstad, C. A. (2007). Talk Leads to Recruitment: How Discussions about Politics and
Current Events Increase Civic Participation. Political Research Quarterly, 60(2), 180¬191.
Korea Election Management Commission (2013). The distribution of the electorate.
http://www.nec.go.kr/search/search.jsp. Kotler-Berkowitz, L. (2005). Ethnicity and political behavior among American Jews :
findings from the National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01. Contemporary Jewry,
25, 132-157.
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017-1031.
Kwak, N., Campbell, S. W., Choi, J., & Bae, S. Y. (2011). Mobile communication and public affairs engagement in Korea: An examination of non-linear relationships between mobile phone use and engagement across age groups. Asian Journal of Communication, 21(5), 485-503.
Kwak, N., Shah D. V., Holbert, R. L. (2004). Connecting, trusting, and participating: The
direct and interactive effect of social associations. Political Research Quarterly, 57(4),
643-652.
Kwak, N., Williams, A. E., Wang, X., & Lee, H. (2005). Talking politics and engaging
politics: An examination of the interactive relationships between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement. Communication Research, 32(1), 87-111.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
193
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
Lake, R. L.,
&
Huckfeldt, R.
(1998)
. Social capital, social networks, and political
participation. Political Psychology, 19(3), 567-584. Leung, L., & Wei, R. (2000). More than just talk on the move: Uses and gratifications of the
cellular phone. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 308-320. Ling, R. (2004). The mobile connection: The cell phone's impact on society. San Francisco,
CA: Morgan Kaufman.
Ling, R. (2008). New tech, new ties: How mobile communication is reshaping social cohesion.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Ling, R., & Campbell, S. W. (Eds.) (2009). The reconstruction of space and time: Mobile
communication practices. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Ling, R., & Yttri, B. (2002). Hyper-coordination via mobile phones in Norway. In J. E. Katz
& M. Aakhus (Eds.), Perpetual contact: Mobile communication, private talk, public
performance (pp. 139-169). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Matsuda, M. (2005b). Mobile communications and selective sociality. In M. Ito, D, Okabe, &
M. Matsuda (Eds.), Personal, portable, pedestrian: Mobile phones in Japanese life
(pp. 123-142). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. McLeod, J. M., Daily, K., Guo, Z., Eveland, W. P. Jr., Bayer, J., Yang, S., et al. (1996).
Community integration, local media use and democratic processes. Communication
Research, 23(2), 179-209. McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, communication, &
participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political
participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315-336. Moy, P., & Gastil, J. (2006). Predicting deliberative conversation: The impact of discussion
networks, media use, and political cognitions. Political Communication, 23(4), 443¬460.
Newton, K. (1997). Social capital and democracy. American behavioral scientist, 40(5), 575¬586.
Norris, P. (1996). Does television erode social capital? A reply to Putnam. PS: Political
Science and Politics, 29(3), 474-480. Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet usage. Journal of
Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44(2), 175-196. Park, C., & Karan, K. (2014). Unraveling the Relationships Between Smartphone Use,
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
194
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
Exposure to Heterogeneity, Political Efficacy, and Political Participation: A
Mediation Approach. Asian Journal of communication, 24(4), 379-389. Pattie, C. J., & Johnston, R. J. (2009). Conversation, disagreement and political
participation. Political Behavior, 31(2), 261-285. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing
and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research
methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Putnam, R. D. (1995a). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of
Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. Putnam, R. D. (1995b). Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in
America. PS: Political Science and Politics, 25(4), 664-683. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New
York: Simon & Schuster. Real, J. C., Roldân, J. L., & Leal, A. (2014). From Entrepreneurial Orientation and Learning
Orientation to Business Performance: Analysing the Mediating Role of Organizational
Learning and the Moderating Effects of Organizational Size. British Journal of
Management, 25(2), 186-208. Rettie, R. (2008). Mobile phones as network capital: Facilitating connections. Mobilities, 3(2),
291-311.
Ringle,
C
. M., Wende, S., & Will, S. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) Beta, Hamburg 2005.
Rojas, H. (2008). Strategy versus understanding how orientations toward political
conversation influence political engagement. Communication Research, 35(4), 452¬480.
Rojas, C. M., Puig-i-Abril, E. (2009). Mobilizers mobilized: Information, expression,
mobilization and participation in the Digital Age. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 14(4), 902-927.
Rojas, H., Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Schmierbach, M., Keum, H., & Gil-De-Zuniga, H. (2005).
Media dialogue: Perceiving and addressing community problems. Mass
Communication & Society, 5(2), 93-110. Shah, D. V. (1998). Civic engagement, interpersonal trust, and television use: An individual-
level assessment of social capital. Political Psychology, 19(3), 469-496. Shah, D. V., Kwak N., & Holbert, R. L. (2001). "Connecting" and "disconnecting" with civic
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
195
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital. Political Communication, 15(2), 141-162. Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Yoon, S. H. (2001). Communication, context and community: An exploration of print, broadcast and Internet influences. Communication Research,
25(4), 464-506
Shah, D., Cho, J., Eveland, W. P. Jr., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a
digital age: Modeling Internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32(5), 531-565.
Son, J., & Lin, N. (2008). Social capital and civic action: A network-based approach. Social
Science Research, 37(1), 330-349. Sotirovic, M., & McLeod, J. M. (2001). Values, communication behavior, and political
participation. Political Communication, 15(3), 273-300. Suarez, S. L. (2006). Mobile democracy: Text messages, voter turnout and the 2004 Spanish
general election. Representation, 42(2), 117-127. Statistics Korea (2014). Survey outlines. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/english/index.action. Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is There Social Capital in a Social Network
Site? Facebook Use and College Students' Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4), 875-901. Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in
American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wei, R. (2008). Motivations for using the mobile phone for mass communications and
entertainment. Telematics and Informatics, 25(1), 36-46. Wei, R., & Lo, V. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell phone use and social
connectedness. New Media & Society, 5(1), 53-72. Weimann, G. (1982). On the importance of marginality: One more step into the two-step flow
of communication. American Sociological Review, 47(6), 764-773. Wellman, B. (2002a). Designing the Internet for a networked society. Communications of the
ACM, 45(5), 91-96.
Wetzels, M., Schroder, G. O., Oppen, V. C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS Quarterly,
33 (1), 177-195.
Wilken, R. (2011). Bonds and bridges: Mobile phone use and social capital debates. R. S.
© Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
196
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Volume: 7 - Issue: 2 April - 2017
Ling & S. W. Campbell (Eds.), Mobile communication: Bringing us together and tearing us apart (pp. 127-146). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.