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ANGOLA İÇ SAVAŞININ ANA AKTÖRLERİ VE ULUSLARARASI RAMİFİKASYONLARI

MAIN ACTORS AND INTERNATIONAL RAMIFICATIONS OF THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR

Journal Name:

  • Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2016

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
This paper includes an analysis of international connections of the Angolan civil war based on the concepts of ramification and deramification. Both local dynamics and international ramifications of the civil war were presented in a relevant chronological and thematic order. Angolan civil war began in 1975 and ended in 2002 but it took roots in the period of Portuguese colonialism. Although most of the colonialist states withdrew from Africa in 1950s and 1960s, Portugal maintained its colonialist presence in the continent until the mid-1970s. The main actors of the Angolan civil war were MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA, which had been organised as independence movements against the prolonged Portuguese colonialism. However, these organisations got involved in a power struggle soon before the independence day. While MPLA was supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba, FNLA and UNITA acted as proxy warriors of the USA and the Republic of South Africa. After the end of the Cold War, MPLA changed its Marxist ideological engagement and the USA ceased to support UNITA. This diseangagement meant the deramification of Angolan civil war. It can be said that almost all civil wars in the last 100 years, including the present Syrian civil war, underwent a similar phases of international ramification and deramification.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada, Angola iç savaşının tarihî dinamikleri, ana aktörleri ve uluslararası ramifikasyonları (dallanımları) analiz edilmektedir. 1975’te başlayıp 2002 yılında sona eren Angola iç savaşı, Portekiz kolonyalizmi döneminde kök salmıştır. Çoğu kolonyalist güç, 1950 ve 1960’lı yıllarda Afrika kıtasından çekilirken Portekiz, kıtadaki varlığını sürdürmekte ısrar etmiştir. En az yarım milyon insanın hayatına mal olan iç savaşın ana aktörleri, Portekiz kolonyal idaresine karşı bağımsızlık hareketi olarak kurulup sonrasında iktidar mücadelesine tutuşan MPLA, FNLA ve UNITA’dır. MPLA temelde Sovyetler Birliği ve Küba’dan destek alırken FNLA ve UNITA, ABD ile Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nin vekil savaşçısı olmuştur. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde MPLA’nın Marksist ideolojik angajmanını terk etmesi ve ABD’nin UNITA’dan desteğini çekmesi, iç savaşın deramifikasyonunu hızlandırmıştır. Bugünkü Suriye iç savaşı da dâhil olmak üzere son 100 yıl zarfında yaşanan bütün iç savaşlarda benzer bir uluslararası ramifikasyon ve deramifikasyon sürecinin söz konusu olduğu söylenebilir.
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