ENDÜSTRİ ÜRÜNLERİNİN NEDEN OLDUĞU EV KAZALARI: GÜVENLİ TASARIMLAR İÇİN BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Designers usually begin the design process with some presumptions about the potential users or the consumers which aid them in making predictions about the fınat product's interaction with its user. Such presumptions may finally turn out to mismatch the actual usage. In specifîc usage environments, as in the home, where the user is untrained, the evidence of the outcome of mismatch is often readily observable. Accidents can be ihought of as examples of such mismaiches. Causes of an accident may indicate to a design er where and how his predictions fail to match the actual usage of a product. 'Human factors' or sometimes referred as 'ergonomics* is one of the disciplines which is regarded as providing direct input to the design process concerning safety. It is nevertheless the case that product usage in the domestic environment is largely ignored by 'human factors' studies. One possible reason for this is identified by Ward (1970) who points out that there has been little political or commercial pressure to increase performance and productivity in the home. According to Galer and Page (1991), there is less control över product usage, accidents and injury in and around the home, than is usually the case in working situations. In a work situation the safety of a product is to some extent assured, in that the product is carefully selected to serve its purpose and is used by people who have been trained in its operation. The employer is also required by law to provide a safe vvorking environment. At home, the user is untrained and there are numerous other factors influencing the user in the selection (i.e. purchase) of the product. Vanity or cost for irstance is sometimes more dominant than the functionaiity or safety of the product. This study aims to draw guidelines for product designers in considering the safest usage of household products. This is done by drawing their attention to the existing failures of product usage which have resulted in accidents and to their apparent and predictable causes. A field survey was carried out in 1988 as par t of the author's Master's degree study (Hasdoğan, 1988) to elicit the causes of home accidents vvhich occurred in Turkish urban tife. In this article the results of that study are being presented in a manner vvhich highlights the most problematic areas of product design in terms of safety. Initially, causal com-ponents of an accidenl and the nature of their interaction vvill be discussed. Laıer the results of the study will be presented.