CURRENT REGIONAL PLANNING APPROACHES FOR RURAL AREAS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Journal Name:
- Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Keywords (Original Language):
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Abstract (2. Language):
In response to dualistic consequences of traditional development strategies, the
Third World countries and the international development organizations have, over
the past decade, intensified their search for alternative development policies. It
was the common conviction that so-called trickle down effects of growth oriented
development approaches have reached the large majority of the poor population
and backward regions only to a limited extent. In order to overcome the
shortcomings of trickle down effects and to eliminate perpetual socio-economic
and spatial polarization, more importance has been attached to distributive and
integrative planning endeavors. This reorientation of development policies also
required appropriate modifications of hitherto pursued regional development
models.
In this framework, the policy formulations of research institutions, development
organizations and national governments were directed primarily towards urgent
problems; namely, those of poor sections of the population and underdeveloped
regions. Basic needs strategy has emerged as a result of these contributions which
attains to identify target groups, to meet their, essential requirements, to promote
their production activities for a self-sustained development and to ensure their
participation in decision making process. The spatial dimension of the basic needs
strategy is delineated by selective territorial closures concept of "agropolitan
development'' approach.
While the preceding approach represents a radical view by defining socio-political
prerequisites, one can also distinguish another approach possessing the
characteristics of a pragmatic standpoint by making use of existing capacities for
basic needs oriented measures. Being based on the modified growth pole approach,
this evolutionary development intends to achieve intraregional integration by
strengthening the physical, economic, technological, social and administrative
linkages within the hierarchical system of centers. The utmost objective of this
"integrated spatial development" is the installation of urban functions in rural
centers.
The above introduced current regional planning approaches are for those
underdeveloped and least developed countries which contemplate the formulation
of a decentralization policy against monocentric spatial development tendencies.
As supplements to these alternative strategies, it should also be emphasized that
the success of a rural development oriented regional planning requires as much
as possible "planning from below" and as much as necessary "planning from
above" initiatives. These should be conceived as complementary engagements
geared towards the implementation of reduced planning approach which seems
to be the most appropriate in regard of financial constraints of the Third World
countries for the activation of marginal groups and mobilization of local resources.
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