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AZ GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELERDE KIRSAL ALANLARA YÖNELİK GÜNCEL BÖLGE PLANLAMA YAKLAŞIMLARI

CURRENT REGIONAL PLANNING APPROACHES FOR RURAL AREAS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Journal Name:

  • Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 1988

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
In response to dualistic consequences of traditional development strategies, the Third World countries and the international development organizations have, over the past decade, intensified their search for alternative development policies. It was the common conviction that so-called trickle down effects of growth oriented development approaches have reached the large majority of the poor population and backward regions only to a limited extent. In order to overcome the shortcomings of trickle down effects and to eliminate perpetual socio-economic and spatial polarization, more importance has been attached to distributive and integrative planning endeavors. This reorientation of development policies also required appropriate modifications of hitherto pursued regional development models. In this framework, the policy formulations of research institutions, development organizations and national governments were directed primarily towards urgent problems; namely, those of poor sections of the population and underdeveloped regions. Basic needs strategy has emerged as a result of these contributions which attains to identify target groups, to meet their, essential requirements, to promote their production activities for a self-sustained development and to ensure their participation in decision making process. The spatial dimension of the basic needs strategy is delineated by selective territorial closures concept of "agropolitan development'' approach. While the preceding approach represents a radical view by defining socio-political prerequisites, one can also distinguish another approach possessing the characteristics of a pragmatic standpoint by making use of existing capacities for basic needs oriented measures. Being based on the modified growth pole approach, this evolutionary development intends to achieve intraregional integration by strengthening the physical, economic, technological, social and administrative linkages within the hierarchical system of centers. The utmost objective of this "integrated spatial development" is the installation of urban functions in rural centers. The above introduced current regional planning approaches are for those underdeveloped and least developed countries which contemplate the formulation of a decentralization policy against monocentric spatial development tendencies. As supplements to these alternative strategies, it should also be emphasized that the success of a rural development oriented regional planning requires as much as possible "planning from below" and as much as necessary "planning from above" initiatives. These should be conceived as complementary engagements geared towards the implementation of reduced planning approach which seems to be the most appropriate in regard of financial constraints of the Third World countries for the activation of marginal groups and mobilization of local resources.
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