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Marjinal GÖÇ, TRENDLER VE POLİTİKALAR

MARGINALIZED MIGRATION, TRENDS AND POLICIES

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Migration is a social phenomenon which was observed throughout history with changing characteristics over time, and which will continue to exist in the future. When the history and sustainability of this social fact are taken into consideration, it is obvious that migration is inherent in human nature. The continuous quests of human beings for better living conditions together with the desire to escape from political and social conflicts constitute the elements that trigger migration. Even though migration was constant throughout history, today it is one of the most important items on the international agenda. Therefore, the attempts to solve this social issue have never been so intense before. National states or international organizations try to solve the migration problem through regulations and restrictions that are put into effect within the framework of their sovereignty and policies. On the other hand, the person who intends to migrate opts to achieve his goal through informal channels, which will lead migration to marginalize. As a response to this, governments try to be more effective in the face of this problem. For these reasons, migration phenomenon continues to take the priority on the agendas. In this study, the transformation of migration —which has become more complicated—from formal to informal structure, its development, and migration policies will be examined within a general framework; and the reasons of this transformation will be investigated
Abstract (Original Language): 
Göç olgusu zaman içinde değişen karakteristik yapısına karşın tarihin tüm zamanlarında görülen ve gelecekte de sürmesinin kaçınılmaz görüldüğü sosyal bir olaydır. Bu sosyal olayın zaman derinliği ve sürekliliği göz önüne alındığında ise onun adeta insanın varolması ile bütünleşmiş bir niteliğe sahip olduğu görülmektedir. İnsanın hep daha iyiyi elde etme beklentisinin yarattığı bencillik ile toplumsal yaşamdaki siyasal ve sosyal çatışmaların önlenmesindeki başarısızlık karşısında bireyin bu ortamdan uzaklaşma isteği, göç hareketlerinin sürmesindeki ve beslenmesindeki unsurları oluşturmaktadır. Göçün tarihsel sürekliliğine rağmen, günümüzde daha önce olmadığı kadar bu sosyal sorunun çözümüne yönelik politika ve gündem oluşturma özelliğine de sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Göçün sorun olarak gündem oluşturmadaki öncüllüğü, daha çok ulusal devletlerin veya uluslararası organizasyonların egemenlik ve politika belirlemeye yönelik hassasiyetleri kapsamında göçe yönelik getirdikleri engellemeler ve kısıtlamalar karşısında, göç kararını gerçekleştirme arzusunda olan göçmenin bunu informal yollardan oluşturma yolundaki karşıtlık, hem göçün giderek marjinalleşmesine ve hem de hükümetlerin bu olay karşısında etkin olabilme isteğinin çatışmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da daha kompleks bir hal alan göçün formal yapıdan informal yapıya dönüşümü, gelişimi ve oluşturulan politikalar genel bir çerçeve içinde ele alınarak, bu dönüşüme yol açan gelişmelere cevap verilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
331-357

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