Türkiye'nin Gülleri

This study was done all over Türkiye within a project supported by TUBITAK between 2006-2009 in general. Total 2386 plant samples, 1015 of which were natural and 1371 were garden roses, were collected in 65 provinces. These examples were identified; their morphological, ecological and physiological characteristics and traditional using methods of utilizing interviews and observations were made during studies. The findings obtained were summarized and identified in their outlines. Türkiye is an important center of diversity and differentiation in terms of rose diversity when compared to neighboring countries. It was determined that 30 species belonging to 12 sections depending subgenus Eurosa and one hybrid, and one species belonging to subgenus Hesperhodo s had been being grown in Türkiye. When taken into consideration that habitat characteristics also change some morphological characteristics of plants, the detection of wild roses taken into the culture medium is rather difficult. When identification processes are completed, the number of rose amount in Türkiye is expected to be consisting of 60-70 species and approximately 400 genotypes belonging to the mentioned species. During the Ottoman period, a great deal of rose species used to be distributed tentatively by the state to so many parts of the country to make a profit, and today, the foundation of our old garden roses is based on these applications. In todays, rose oil is produced only in the Lakes District, but flower production for floriculture is done in almost every region of Türkiye. During our field trips, around 20 thornless rose genotypes were collected. The role of roses on ecosystem cannot be underestimated. They provide shelter for wild animals, and have benefits for food and medical purposes. There are various species and cultivars in almost every region of Türkiye and most of them are used for landscape and rose oil. Because the number of people who are interested in roses has been decreasing and owing to the strong pressure of urbanization, genetic diversity of roses has been decreasing, and culture and information for its usage procedures have been weakening. Some of them were smuggled. Roses grow or are grown at 0-3000 m altitudes, usually on limestone and volcanic terrain with good drainage and loose structure. Viruses, fungus, lichens, insects and larvae or ripes of butterflies live in various organs of roses. As a result of this, some diseases may happen and they may lead to the death of the plants. But, some of these infections are of economic importance as environmental indicators and may give early warnings regarding the course of disease or conditions.