Journal Name:
- Tarih Okulu Dergisi
Key Words:
Keywords (Original Language):
| Author Name | University of Author | Faculty of Author |
|---|---|---|
Abstract (2. Language):
The Armenian “millet” in the Ottoman Empire were targetted by the missionary schools
from the beginning of the 19
th
century. They’ve re-acted by opening private schools to
be able to keep the community in a united form and raise the awareness of national
idendity. It was also a great period for the Ottoman modernization, especially Tanzimat
era and the first Constitutional period. A lot of major structural changes were realized
on the institutions, judical and as well as educational system. It was a great reformation
period especially for the non-Muslims and foreigners. Beside Tanzimat and Islahat
edicts, a special regulation was created for the Armenian Nation in 1863, which is
considered to be the first constitutional text in the Ottoman history. The government
was aiming to improve learning system in a modern way, as well as to control the
schools accross the country. The Regulations of General Education (Maarif-i Umûmiye
Nizamnâmesi) is implemented in this regard in 1869. Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78,
was a great trauma for the Government, due to Armenians in the eastern provinces to
cooperate with the Russians.
According to Berlin Treaty of 1878, the Ottomans needed to carry out a
reformation program in the region; however, Abdulhamid was unwilling to do anyting
on this matter. The Armenian community’s schools across the country are thought to be
the focus of the separatist movement. The fast-spreading non-Muslim and foreigner,
particularly Armenian schools alerted the the government and put their attention to
create a “control mechanism” over them. To do so, in 1886, the Inspectorate
Administration of Non-Muslims and Foreigners’ Schools (Mekâtib-i Gayrimüslime ve
Ecnebiyye Müfettişliği İdaresi) was established. Two years later, in 1888, a Regulation
called “Mekâtîb-i Gayrimüslime ve Ecnebiye Müfettişliği Nizamnâmesi” is published to
be able to control such schools’ “harmful” (muz.r) activities. In addition, the
improvement of the education system and ensure effective supervision, a variety of
reports were created by the high ranking bureaucrats, e.g. Ferid Paşa of Vlore. However,
Abdulhamid would not achieve to established full control mechanism, as he expected to
perform. In contrary, an increase tends to stand out in attacks against the Sultan’s
personality and the governmental institutions.
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Abstract (Original Language):
19. yüzy.l baş.ndan itibaren misyonerlerin hedef kitlesi olan “Ermeni milleti”,
cemaatlerini bir arada tutabilmek ve bir ulusal bilinç oluşturabilmek için eğitim
faaliyetlerine büyük ağ.rl.k verirler. Bu yüzy.l, Osmanl. Devlet kurumlar.n.n ve hukuki
sisteminin büyük yap.sal değişikliklere uğrad.ğ. Tanzimat ve I. Meşrutiyet dönemlerini
de kapsamaktad.r. 1863 Ermeni Milleti Nizamnâmesi Osmanl. milletleri için yap.lm.ş
ilk anayasal metin olarak kabul edilir. Eğitim sisteminde pek çok düzenlemeyi
bünyesinde bar.nd.ran Maarif-i Umûmiye Nizamnâmesi 1869’da yay.nlan.r. Rusya ile
yap.lan savaştan büyük bir mağlubiyetle ayr.lan Osmanl. devleti için, doğu
vilayetlerindeki Ermeniler’in Ruslar’la işbirliği yapmas. büyük bir travma yaratacakt.r.
Abdülhamid, 1878 Berlin Anlaşmas. ile bölgede .slahat yapmay. kabul etmesine
rağmen, bunu hiçbir zaman pratiğe geçirmeye yanaşmaz. Ülkede çap.nda aç.lan Ermeni
cemaat okullar.n.n da bölücü faaliyetlerin odağ. olduğu düşünülmektedir. Başta Ermeni
okullar. olmak üzere, h.zla yay.lan Gayrimüslim ve yabanc. okullar.n. denetleyebilmek
için 1886’da “Mekâtib-i Gayrimüslime ve Ecnebiyye Müfettişliği İdaresi” kurulur.
1888'de yay.nlanan “Mekâtîb-i Gayrimüslime ve Ecnebiye Müfettişliği Nizamnâmesi”
ile sözkonusu okullar.n “muz.r” faaliyetlere karş. denetimi için düzenlemeler yap.l.r.
Ayr.ca, eğitim sisteminin iyileştirilmesi ve etkin denetimin sağlanmas. için, aralar.nda
Avlonyal. Ferid Paşa’n.n da bulunduğu devlet adamlar. taraf.ndan çeşitli raporlar
haz.rlan.r. Ancak, Ermeni okullar.nda Abdülhamid’in arzu ettiği denetim sağlanamad.ğ.
gibi, padişah.n şahs.na ve devlete karş. sald.r.lar bir art.ş eğilimi göze çarpar.
FULL TEXT (PDF):
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