You are here

Home » Content

Hayvandan İnsana Doku ve Organ Naklinin (Xenotransplantasyon) Etik Boyutu

Ethical Dimension of Tissue and Organ Transplantation from Animal to Human (Xenotransplantation)

Journal Name:

  • Türk Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2007

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Xenotransplantation is defined as the transplantation of tissues and organs between different species. Logistic advantages such as the rapidity of finding and producing donors, plus the financial advantages of rapid breeding are mentioned as the benefits of working in this field. Notwithstanding the benefits, there are still several ambiguous issues that have not been resolved medically and morally and need clarification: Rejection of animal tissues and organs; the risk of novel diseases transmitted from animals that might be a threat to humanity; the diverstiy of social, religious and cultural viewpoints; the very natural concerns and reactions of animal rights advocates; the economic issues about the fair distribution of this technology, which might prove to be very costly, amongst all people This study aims to bring forward and discuss the beneficial aspects and the various still unresolved ethical dilemmas of xenotransplantation, with a glance on the historical progress of xenotransplantation studies.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Xenotransplantasyon, değişi k türler arasında doku ve organların nakli olarak tanımlanır. Donör bulabilmenin ve üretiminin hızlılığı gibi lojistik avantajlar yanında, finansal avantajlar da bu alandaki çalışmaların sağlayabileceği kazançlar arasında sayılmaktadır. Bunların yanında, tıbbi ve ahlaki açıdan karara bağlanamayan ve henüz karanlık olan birçok belirsizlik de bulunmaktadır: Hayvandan alınan doku ve organların reddi, insan ve hayvan dokusu arasındaki fizyolojik uyumsuzluk, daha uygun hayvan dokularının oluşturulmasına ilişkin deneylerin etik yönleri, hayvanlardan geçerek İnsanlığı tehdit edebilecek yeni hastalıkların ortaya çıkması riski, toplumsal, dini ve kültürel bakışlardaki farklılık, hayvan hakları savunucularının doğal endişe ve tepkileri, çok pahalıya mal olabilecek bu teknolojinin tüm insanlar arasında adil dağılımı konusundaki ekonomik baskılar, insanın doğanın yapısına müdahil olup olmama hakkı konusundaki farklı felsefi görüşler. Bu çalışmada, xenotransplantasyon araştırmalarmdaki tarihsel süreçle birlikte yararlı yönleri ve konuya ilişkin hala çözülemeyen çok sayıdaki etik ikilemin gündeme taşınarak yeni bir tartışma açılması amaçlanmaktadır.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastrmx_172977_16_pp_169-175.pdf
  • 4
169-175
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

I. Bioethics
Council
: National Institute for Medical Research: The Cultural, Spiritual Sintl Ethical Aspects of Xenotransplantation: Animal-to-1 luman Transplantation January 2005, http://www.bioetliics.org.nz/publ icat ions/xeno-diseussion-jan05/html/pagel .html,
I. Stoye J: Xenotransphinialion: panacea or poisoned chalice? http://www.nim r.mre.a<\uk/mi1) hillessays/1997/xenot-ran.htm.
3. Australian Govenucnt, National Health and Medical Research Council: Animal-lo-luiinan transplantation research: A guide for the coininunity/Publie consultation on xenotransplantation 2003/04, Xenotransplantation Working Party. Australia 2003. http://www.nhmrc.gov.au.
i. Yedek organ deposu üretildi. Radikal 24.08.2002, http:// www.radikal, com. tıvhaber. php?haberno=47524.
5. I
[ayvandan insana organ nakli beş yıl içinde gerçek olacak. I lürriyet 11.09.200^. Iıtlp://hurarsiv.hürriyet.c:om.tr/gos-ter/haber.aspx?viewid=6293i >5.
0.
Dış
ı hayvan, içinde insan hücresi var! Milliyet 26.03.2007, hltp://vv'\vw.milliyet.eonı/2(IO"7/03/26/yasam/yas09.html.
7.
Tür
k hastaya Özel domuz. Akşam 01.12.2003, http://www.aksa m.com.tr/arsiv/aksani 2003/12/01/saglik/saglikl.html).
S.
Ravelingie
n A: Xenotransplantation and the harm principle; Factoring out foreseen risk Journal of Evolution and Technology 2007; 10: 127-149-
l>. Mortensen MJ: In the Shadow of Doctor Moreau; A Contex¬tual Reading of the Proposed Canadian Standard for Xenotransplantation. University of Ottawa Law ik Technology Journal 200S; 2: 37-73.
10. Webster NR; Animal tissue into humans. British J of Anesthesia 1008; SO; 281-282.
II. Nuffield Council on Hit •ethics: Animal-to-Human Transplants: the Ethics of Xenotransplantation Regulatory Developments. http://www.niilficiLliiioelhics.org/go/ourwork/xenotra nsp-lantations/page_7l l.html.
12. World Health Organization: Report of WHO Consultation on Xenotransplantation. Geneva, Switzerland, 28-30 October 1997. http://www.who,int/emc
13. Zanjani ED, Almeida-I'oiada G, Flake AW: Tlie human/sheep xenograft model: a large animal model of human hema-topoiesis. Ini J Hematol. [ 0<)6;63(3):179-192.
14.
İnsa
n geni taşıyan süper koyunlar. Vatan 26.03.2007. http:/Avww. vatanini.com.tr/root.vatan?exec=haİKTdetayoita-rih-26.03.2007&Newsid=113960&Categoryid=7.
1^.
Yüzd
e 15'İ insan yüzde 85'i koyun. Aksanı 26.03.2007 http://www.aksa m,t om.tr/haber.asp?a-72189,5&ta-rih=26.03.2007.
10.
Orga
n Çiftlikleri Bilim ve Teknik 2004; 437 (4): 62-64.
17. Einsiedel EE: Public perceptions of transgenic animals Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.. 200S, 24 (1), 149-157).
18, Welin S: Starting clinical (rials early phase xenotransplantation reflections on ethics of the early phase J. Med. Ethics 2000;26;231-236.
I'). Tibell A. Groth CO: Xenotransplantation; Ethics and public health issues in xenotransplantation. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation I999;4t 11:101.
20. Anderson M: Xenotransplantation: a bioelhical evaluation. Journal of Medical Ethics 2006;32:205-208.
21. Bach Ell at all: Uncertainty in xenotransplantation; Individual benefit versus collective risk. Nature Medicine 1998;4:l4l-142.
22. Hopkins J; Study gives reassurance on safety of xenotransplantation. BMJ 1999;319;533.
23- Cozzi E, Ancona E: Xenotransplantation, where do we stand? J Nepphrol 2003;l6 (suppl 7):l6-20.
24. Bach EH at all: Uncertainty in xenotransplantation; Individual benefit versus collective risk. Nature Medicine 1998;4:141-142.
25. Heneine W, Tibell A, Switzer WM, Sandstrom P, Rosales GV, Mathews A, et a: No evidence of infection witli porcine endogenous retrovirus in recipients of porcine islet-cell xenografts. Lancet 1998:352:695-699.
26. Patience C, Patton GS, Takeuchi Y, Weiss RA, McCkire MO, Rydberg L, et al: No evidence of pig DNA or retroviral infection in patients with short-term extracorporeal connection (o pig kidneys. Lancet 1998;352:699-701.
27. Stoye J: No clear answers on safety of pigs as tissue donor source. Commentary. Lancet 1998:352:666-667.
28. Paradis K. Lanford G, Long Z, HeneineW, Sandstrom P, Switzer WM, et a: The XEN 111 Study Group, Otto E. Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patient treated with living pig tissue. Science 1999;285:1236-1241.
29. Beckman J; "Xenotransplantation und Ethik. Uber die Not-wendigkeit einer Vergleichzeitigung wissenschaftlidler Ent-wicklungen und ethischer Analyse". Jahrbuch für wissensc-haft und Ethik, Band 3, Walter de Grnyier, ş, 97-111.
30.
Hayvanlarda
n Organ Nakline Sıkı Denetim, http://www.bil- tek.tubitak.gov.tr/haberler/genetik/2000-07-7.pdf.
33. Medical-Ethical Principles on xenotransplantation. Stalemeni of Position of the SAMS. Swiss Med Wkly 2001;131:388-394. http://www.smw.ch/docs/archive200x/2001/25/smw-09735.html.
32. Ferzli I': The ethics of xenotransplantation. The Ethical Spec-table Februaray 2001. http://www.spectacle. org/0201/Xe-no.html.
33- Sievert M: Is It Ethical? Xenotransplantation; http://www.eng- lishdiscourse.org/edr. 1.4sievert.html)
34- Vasudevan M, Mathew R: Xenotransplantasyon: Animai rights and human wrongs. Ethics&Medicine Spring 21K)3 htlp://fmdar-ticles.com/p/artic Ies/mi_qa4004/is_200304/ai_n9232558/pg_6.
35. Singer P:
Hayva
n Özgürleşmesi (Çev: Hayrullah Doğan. Istanbul: Ayrıtı yayınları. 2005.
36. Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientifi c Purposes, 6th Edition, NHMRC 1997, http://www. nlimrc.gov.au/research/awc/code.htm.
37. Hammer C.-E.Thein: "Xonotransplantasyon: Medizinische und ethische Fragen". Transplantation Organgewinnung und allokation., (Hg: F. S. Oduncu-U. Schroth-W, Vossenkulin) Vandenhoeck &Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2003;294-311.
38. Blumer K: "Etlıische Aspekte der Xenotransplantation". Transplantation Organgewinnung und allokation., (Hg: F. S. Oduncu-L. Schroth-W. Vossenkuhn) Vandenhoeck &Rup-recht, Göttingen, 2003:312- 332.
39- Jonathan H: Xenograf'ting: Ethical issues. Journal of Medical Ethics 1998;24:18-24.
40. Lei RP; Is The Use of Animal Organs for Transplants Morally Acceptable? Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Etiği-Hukuku-Tarihi Dergisi 2004;12(4):242-247.
41. George GF: Xenotransplaniation: an ethical dilemma. Current
174
Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Dergisi /Official Journal of the Turkish Society of Nephrology
Hayvandan İnsana Doku ve Organ Naklinin (Xenotransplantasyon) Etik Boyutu 9
Opinion in Cardiology 2ÖQ6;2I(2): 138-141.
42. Scottish Council on Human Bioethics: Embryonic, Fetal and Post-natal Animal-Human Mixtures: An Ethical Discussion. http://www.schb.prg. uk/publicadoiis/R-p()ii%20-%20animal-human%20mixnires.htm.
43.
Öça
l T, Malcolm D: Ahlak: Kutsal Kilapa Göre Etik (Genişletilmiş
2
. Baskı). İstanbul: Babylon, 555-557. 44. Correa JD, Sgrecİa E: Prospects for Xenotransplantation: Scientific Aspects and Ethical Considerations. Ponteficial Academy for Life 26.09.2001 http://www.acadetuiavita.org/' template. jsp?sez-Docunicnti&pag-testo/xenotrapia nt i/xenot-rapianti&lang=englisl ı.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com