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Nuhi Kimliği Bağlamında Yahudilikte Yabancı Algısı

Jewish View to Non-Jews in Frame of the Noahide Identity

Journal Name:

  • Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Publication Year:

  • 2015

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Abstract (2. Language): 
According to Judaism, humanity was basically divided into two, Noahides and Israelites. According to the rabbinic understanding of humankind, everyone were considered as Noahides before the Sinaitic revelation but with this revelation a new identity named Israelite status was born and all the remaining people began to be considered as Noahides. In the course of time Noahides went astray and did not obey divine commandments in pray and practice. They were named Oved Avoda Zara in Jewish sources. Noahides were those who stayed in true way and followed the Noahide Laws. The Noahide identity is a non-Jewish but other-welcoming identity by Jews. Noahides have the share in the world to come. Rabbis placed the Noahide identity in the secondary position in comparison to Jewish identity. There is not any information about the existence of social group named Noahides in any stage of history. Actually, Noahide identity is the status imagined for those have sympaty to the Jewish nation and accept the reign of them. This status will be realised in the expected Messianic period. Following the content of the Noahide Laws while belonging to other religions as a requirement of his own religion or reaching to them by using their minds cannot be counted enough to be considered as a Noahide. Man should epistemologically accept Judaism as essential. So, Muslims and Christians cannot be considered as Noahides.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Yahudiliğe göre insanlık Nuhiler ve Yahudiler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Rabbilerin insan algısına göre Sina vahyine kadarki dönemde herkes Nuhi olmuş, Sina’da İsrailoğlu kimliği doğmuş ve geriye kalan bütün insanlar Nuhi kabul edilmiştir. Zaman içerisinde Nuhiler arasında doğru yoldan sapanlar olmuş, insanlar inanç ve ibadet bakımından ilahi emre uymamışlardır. Yahudi kaynaklarında bunlar Oved Avoda Zara adlanır. Nuhiler, doğru yolda devam edenler, Nuh Kanunları’na uyanlardır. Nuhi kimliği, Yahudi olmayan fakat Yahudiler tarafından makbul sayılan bir kimliktir. Nuhiler’in gelecek dünyada da nasipleri vardır. Rabbani düşünce Nuhi kimliğini Yahudi kimliği karşısında ikincil konuma yerleştirmiştir. Tarihin herhangi bir aşamasında Nuhilik diye bir sosyal topluluğun mevcut olduğuna ilişkin bilgi mevcut değildir. Nuhi kimliği aslında gelmesi beklenen Mesih dönemi için kurgulanan bir kimlik olup Yahudilere sempati duyan, onların egemenliğini benimseyenler için tasarlanmış statüdür. Diğer bir dine mensup olup da Nuh Kanunları manzumesinde yer alan hükümleri o dinin hükmü olarak uygulamak veya akıl yürüterek bu hükümleri bulmak Nuhi sayılmak için yeterli değildir. Nuhi kabul edilmek için epistemolojik olarak Yahudilik esastır. Bu açıdan, Müslümanlar ve Hıristiyanlar Nuhi sayılmazlar.
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