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Tunus’ta Otoriter Yönetim ve İslamcı Hareketin Doğuşu: Burgiba Dönemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (1956-1987)

Authoritarian Rule and The Origins of The Islamist Movement in Tunisia: An Assessment of The Bourgiba Period (1956-1987)

Journal Name:

  • Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Publication Year:

  • 2017
DOI: 
10.26513/tocd.309827

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Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
This study examines the origins of the Islamic movement through the developments in the period of Habib Bourguiba, which established a one man regime in Tunisia after independence. Bourguiba, who believes that progress and development for Tunisia is possible only by following Western methods and values , has taken steps to completely tie the country to its Arab- Muslim culture, which dates back to centuries. In this process, secularism has been reinterpreted in an authoritarian sense in order to give the state absolute control over religion. Nevertheless, the radical secularization reforms imposed on the public by Bourguiba have not been accepted in the ensuing society due to economic problems. The opposing actors who acted with Islamic sensitivities played a key role in the formation of a social and political movement that was effective at the end of the Bourguiba period. In this context, the study will examine the effects of the radical reforms and the economic crisis of Bourguiba period on the birth and the politicization of the Islamic movement in Tunisia.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışma bağımsızlığın ardından Tunus’ta bir tek adam rejimi kuran Habib Burgiba dönemindeki gelişmeler üzerinden İslamcı hareketin doğuşunu incelemektedir. Tunus için ilerleme ve kalkınmanın ancak Batı’ya özgü yöntem ve değerleri takip etmekle mümkün olduğuna inanan Burgiba, ülkenin yüzyıllara dayanan Arap-Müslüman kültürü ile olan bağlarını tamamen koparmaya dönük adımlar atmıştır. Bu süreçte, devletin din üzerinde mutlak bir kontrol sağlaması amacıyla laiklik otoriter bir anlayışla yeniden yorumlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Burgiba tarafından halka tepeden dayatılan radikal sekülerleşme reformları ekonomik sorunlardan bunalan toplumda kabul görmemiştir. İslami duyarlılıklarla harekete geçen muhalif aktörler Burgiba döneminin sona ermesinde etkili olan toplumsal ve siyasal bir hareketin oluşmasında kilit rol oynamıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada Tunus’ta İslami hareketin doğuşu ve siyasallaşma sürecinde Burgiba’nın hayata geçirdiği radikal reformların ve ekonomik krizin etkileri incelenecektir.
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