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Türkiye’de Yerinden Edilmiş Kürtler için Politika Değişimi: Avrupalılaşma ve Koşulluluk

Policy Change for the Displaced Kurds in Turkey: Europeanization and Conditionality

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Abstract (2. Language): 
International and regional organizations can act as persuasive actors with regard to minority rights in a given country by raising awareness, putting the issue on agenda, and endorsing a new platform in a country which may lead to a policy change. Despite the general observation that Turkey’s Europeanization process has had limited impact on the minority issues in Turkey, there are numerous examples that the European Union (EU) has played a constructive role in improving of rights and fundamental freedoms for the Kurdish populace living in Turkey. The Law on Compensation for Damage Arising from Terror passed in 2004 is a case worth addressing in order to ascertain both the symbolic and discursive policy change. The aim of this article is to explain how the EU used democratic tools to promote change in Turkey’s political structure for the displaced Kurds. The Europeanization of Turkey, based on specific conditionality, is taken as primarily responsible for granted for the shift and the policy change. In this policy-oriented case study, hypotheses from Rationalist and Constructivist Approaches in Europeanization literature are investigated to explain the causes and constitutive relations of the policy shift from repudiate to compensation.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Uluslararası ve bölgesel örgütler, gündem yapmak ve politika değişikliği ile sonuçlanabilen yeni bir düzlemi desteklemek yoluyla bir ülkede azınlık hakları konusunda ikna edici bir aktör olarak hareket edebilirler. Türkiye’nin Avrupalılaşma sürecinin ülkede azınlık hakları konusunda sınırlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu genel gözlemine rağmen, Türkiye’de yaşayan Kürt nüfusun hak ve özgürlüklerinin geliştirilmesinde Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) yapıcı bir rol oynadığı örnekler mevcuttur. 5233 Sayılı Terör ve Terörle Mücadeleden Doğan Zararların Karşılanması Hakkında Kanun hem söylemdeki hem de politikadaki sembolik değişimi ortaya koyması bakımından incelemeye değer bir örnektir. Bu makalede, demokrasi destekleyicisi olarak AB’nin yerinden edilmiş Kürtler hususunda Türkiye’de değişimi nasıl sağladığının açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır. Koşulluluk ilkesine dayalı Türkiye’nin Avrupalılaşması, değişimin ve politika değişikliğinin temeli olarak alınmıştır. Politika odaklı bu vaka çalışmasında Avrupalılaşma literatüründeki Rasyonalist ve Konstruktivist yaklaşımlarda yer alan hipotezler, inkardan tazminata, politikadaki değişimin nedenlerini ve yapısal bağlantılarını açıklamak için kullanılmıştır.
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