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ABD’nin Suudi Arabistan-İran İşbirliğine Dayalı Körfez’de Güvenlik Politikası: “Çifte Sütun” Politikası

The USA Security Policy in the Gulf Based on Saudi Arabia-Iran Cooperation: The “Twin Pillars” Policy

Journal Name:

  • Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Publication Year:

  • 2017
DOI: 
10.26513/tocd.309830

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
It seems that Britain, which has long been effective in the Middle East, started to gradually withdraw from the region after the Second World War. The British Government took decision to leave the Persian Gulf in the end of the 1960s, due to some reasons, especially economic crisis. According to some, this withdrawal, which is the result of a conscientious process, brings with it a serious power vacuum in the Gulf. Concerned that the Soviet Union, which planned to be effective in the Gulf, would fill this void, the United States administration encouraged the two major powers of the Gulf, Iran and Saudi Arabia, to cooperate against Soviet Communist threat. This cooperation and security policy has been implemented in the region under the name of the “Twin Pillars” policy.This security policy, which was put into effect during President Nixon’s era, aimed to provide security of the regional countries by selling weapons to these countries. The “Twin Pillars” policy was maintained during the American Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter. This study aims to discuss the process leading to the “Twin Pillars” policy, the changing perception of President Nixon’s foreign policy towards the Gulf region and finally the policy of the “Twin Pillars” policy. In addition, the role of Iran in the Gulf security which constitutes a significant part of this policy, the breakdowns in the “Twin Pillars” policy , how this policy works during the period of President Ford and President Carter, and the process of arms deployment to the region will be examined.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Ortadoğu’da uzun süre etkisi hissedilen İngiltere’nin İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra kademeli olarak bölgeden çekilmeye başladığı görülmektedir. İngiliz hükûmeti, özellikle ekonomik kriz gibi bazı nedenlerden dolayı 1960’ların sonlarına doğru Basra Körfezi’ni terk etme kararı aldı. Kimilerine göre vicdani bir sürecin sonucu olan bu çekilme, Körfez’de ciddi bir güç boşluğunu beraberinde getirmiştir. Bölgede etkili olmayı amaçlayan Sovyetler Birliği’nin bu boşluğu dolduracağından endişelenen Amerikan yönetimi, bölgenin iki önemli gücünü, İran ve Suudi Arabistan’ı Sovyet Komünizmi tehdidine karşı işbirliğine teşvik etti. Bu işbirliği ve güvenlik politikası bölgede “Çifte Sütun” politikası adı altında uygulanmaya başlandı. Başkan Richard Nixon döneminde uygulanan bu güvenlik politikası bölge ülkelerine silah temini yoluyla bu ülkelerin güvenliklerini sağlamayı hedefliyordu. “Çifte Sütun” politikası Amerikan Başkanları Gerald Ford ve Jimmy Carter döneminde de devam ettirildi. Bu çalışma “Çifte Sütun” politikasına giden süreci, Başkan Nixon’un Körfez bölgesine yönelik değişen dış politika algısını ve dolaysıyla “Çifte Sütun” politikasını ele almaktadır. Ayrıca bu politikanın önemli sacayağını oluşturan İran’ın Körfez güvenliğinde oynadığı rol, zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkan kırılmalar, Ford ve Carter döneminde bu politikanın nasıl işlediği ve bölgeye silah temini süreçleri incelenecektir.
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