You are here

Home » Content

SECONDARY ONLINE EDUCATION: A Review and Synthesis of Central Elements

Journal Name:

  • The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education

Publication Year:

  • 2009

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
In this paper the authors illuminate the distance education field of endeavor to point out that online education can now be found at most educational levels (elementary, secondary, post-secondary) globally. This enterprise requires a multitude of traits which are detailed herein in order to alert the new online educator and remind the veteran educator of the essential elements required to achieve desired outcomes. To instruct online clearly requires informed goal setting, clear processes, and predictable outcomes, from the onset. As well designers need to examine current research, conduct online research, and listen to feedback from online students to maintain and nurture both the program and the students. Some key factors of online education are laid out which include strategic intent (planning), content (curriculum), and pedagogy (incorporating current learning theories into delivery models). As well several underpinning qualities are described that must be present such as the teacher‘s quality of online instruction, and level of expertise in distance learning. All online educators need to be aware of the student (profile of successful online learners, interaction), assessment/evaluation (rigorous, comparable and authentic), support (student support and training on using the technology), technical infrastructure, and the need to review program frequently which is key to the development and maintenance of successful online education efforts.
Bookmark/Search this post with
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-secondary-online-education-review-and-synthesis-central-elements.pdf
  • 1
96-113
  • English

REFERENCES

References: 

Anderson, T. (2001). The hidden curriculum in distance education. Change,
November/December, 30. Retrieved November 9, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Beaulieu, R. R. (2002). [Student attrition rates, DSBONE Virtual Learning Initiative 2002-
2003] Unpublished raw data.
Beaulieu, R.R. (2004). [Virtual learning centre of DSBONE: Report to admin council
February 2004] Unpublished raw data.
Bostock, S. J. (1998). Constructivism in mass higher education: A case study. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 29(3). Retrieved July 25, 2003, from
http://search.epnet.com
107
Carnevale, D. (2000). Instructors takes steps to reduce dropout rate. Chronicle of Higher
Education, 46(21), A48. Retrieved November 9, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Carstens, R. W., & Worsfold, V. L. (2000). Epilogue: A cautionary note about online
classrooms. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 84, 8387.
Carter, K. A. (2003). Type me how you feel:Quasi-nonverbal cues in computer-mediated
communication. ETC:A Review of General Semantics, Spring, 29-39. Retrieved November
11, 2003, from http://search.epnet.com
Cooper, L. (2000). Online courses: Tips to making them work. T.H.E. Journal, 27(8), 86.
Retrieved November 11, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Fried, S. (2002, April 29). Letter to the Deputy Minister. Message posted to Ontario ELearning
Discussion Forum electronic mailing list, archived at http://www.schoolonline.
ca
Gronlund, N.E. & Cameron, I.J. (2004). Assessment of student achievement. (Canadian
Edition), Toronto, ON: Pearson Allyn & Bacon.
Harvey, D. (2002). A new technology-first framework for the future design of online
learning. The Quartely Review of Distance Education, 3(1), 59-63. Retrieved June 10,
2003, from http://search.epnet.com
Hiltz, R. S. (1998, November). Collaborative learning in asynchronous learning networks:
Building learning communities. Paper presented at WEB98. Retrieved November 13,
2003, from http://eies.niit.edu/~hiltz/collaborative_learning_in_asynch.htm
Huang, H.-M. (2002). Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning
environments. British Journal of Educational Technology, 33(1), 27-37.
Hung, D. (2001). Theories of learning and computer-mediated instructional technologies.
Education Media International, 38(4), 281-287.
Jonassen, D. H. (1994). Educational Technology, April, 34-37.
King, F. (2002). Reaching the distance learner: The evolutionary process. Education,
122(4), 666. Retrieved November 16, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Ludwig-Hardman, S., & Dunlap, J. C. (2003). Learner support services for online
students: Scaffolding for success. International Review of Research in Open and
Distance Education, April, Article ISSN:1492-3831. Retrieved November 15, 2003, from
http://www.irrodl.org/content/v4.1/dunlap.html
McIsaac, M. S., Blocher, J. M., Mahes, V., & Vrasidas, C. (1999). Student and teacher
perceptions of interactions in online computer-mediated communication. Educational
Media International, 36(2), 121. Retrieved November 14, 2003, from
http://search.epnet.com
McQuillen, J. S. (2003). The influence of technology on the initiation of interpersonal
relationships. Education, 123(6), 616. Retrieved November 11, 2003, from
http://search.epnet.com
108
McMillan, J.H. & Schumacher, S. (2001) Research in education: A conceptual
Introduction, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
MEO-Ontario Ministry of Education (2002). Student focused funding. Retrieved
November 9, 2002, from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/funding/e0203grant.pdf
Moore, M.G. & Kearsley, G. (1999) Distance education: A systems View. Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth Publishing Company.
NEA - National Education Association. (2000). Quality on the line. Retrieved November
16, 2002, from http://www.nea.org/technology/distanceed/highschool
NEA - National Education Association. (2002). Guide to online high school courses.
Retrieved November 7, 2002, from
http://www.nea.org/technology/distanceed/highschool
Neil, T. (2001). Assessing enrolment and attrition rates for the online MBA. T.H.E.
Journal, 28(7), 66. Retrieved November 17, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Picciano, A. G., & Seaman, J. (2007). K-12 online learning: A survey of U.S. district
school administrators. Needham, MA: Sloan Consortium (Sloan-C).
Ravenscroft, A. (2001). Designing e-learning interactions in the 21st century: Revisiting
and rethinking the role of theory. European Journal of Education, 36(2), 139. Retrieved
November 17, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Roblyer, M. D., & Marshall, J. C. (2003). Predicting success of virtual high school
students: Preliminary results from an educational success prediction instrument. Journal
of Research on Technology in Education, 35(2), 241-255. Retrieved November 2, 2003,
from http://search.epnet.com
Rose, R.. Linking Leadership: Putting PT3 Results to Work. Paper presented at Vanderbilt
University October 20-22, 2001. Retrieved November 7, 2002, from National Education
Association: http://www.nea.org/technology/distanceed/highschool
Ryan, T. G. (2003). Reflections of a provincial achievement test marker and
scorer. In Passing the Test: A Book of Readings on Provincial, National and International
Testing in Canadian Public Schools. Ottawa, On.
Ryan, T. G. (2006a). Performance Assessment: Critics, Criticism &
Controversy, International Journal of Testing, 6 (1), 97 - 104 .
Ryan, T. G. (2006b). Sensing expertise in education. The New Zealand Journal
of Teachers‘ Work. 3 (2).
Sagor, R. (1992). How to conduct collaborative action research. Alexandria, VA:
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Scott, B. (2002). The pedagogy of on-line learning. A report from the University of the
Highlands and Islands Millennium Institute. Information Service and Use, 2002(22), 19-
26. Retrieved November 19, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
109
Sims, R. (2002). Enhancing quality in online learning: Scaffolding planning and design
through proactive evaluation. Distance Education, 23(2), 137. Retrieved November 9,
2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Spitzer, D. R. (1998). Rediscovering the social context of distance learning. Educational
Technology, March-April, 52-55.
Statistics Canada. (2002). Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and
territories, and federal electoral districts (1996 represention order), 2001 and 1996
censuses. Retrieved November 9, 2002, from
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popwell/Table....
cfm?T=1&PR=35&SR=76&S=1&O=A
Surgenor, E. (1992). Designing Learning Systems. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
Thorpe, M. (2002). Rethinking learner support: the challenge of collaborative online
learning. Open Learning, 17(2), 107-119. Retrieved November 9, 2003, from
http://search.epnet.com
Whittier, K.S. & Hewit. (1993). Collorative Teacher Education: The Elementary
Education/Special Education Connection. Intervention in School and Clinic. 2(29), 84-
897.
Wiggins, G., McTighe, J., & McTighe, J. (1998). Understanding by design. Alexandria, VA:
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Woods, R. H. (2002). How much communication is enough in online courses?-Exploring
the relationship between frequency of instructor-initiated personal e-mail and learners'
perceptions of and participation in online learning. International Journal of Instructional
Media, 29(4), 377-394. Retrieved November 11, 2002, from http://search.epnet.com
Zucker, A. (1999). An expert panel review of the quality of virtual high school courses:
Final report. Retrieved from SRI Project 7289. Arlington, VA.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com