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ERMENİ VE RUM GÖÇÜNÜN TÜRKİYE’DE ULUS DEVLETİN OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ:1897 YILINDA OSMANLI VİLAYET VE SANCAKLARINDAKİ ETNO-KÜLTÜREL YAPIDAN ÇIKARIMLAR

THE EFFECT OF GREEK AND ARMENIAN IMMIGRATION MOVEMENT TO BASE ON NATION-STATE IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM ETHNO – CULTURAL STRUCTURE OF OTTOMAN PROVINCES IN 1897

Journal Name:

  • Turkish Studies

Publication Year:

  • 2009
DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.982

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The Ottoman Empire was a state that she had a cosmopolitan cultural structure in which many ethnic groups lived together like those in other empires. However, this structure was not valid for every part of the Empire. Statistical Applications show that 1/7 of population lived in the places where had a cosmopolitan ethno – cultural structure and 1/3 population lived in the places where had dual ethno – cultural structure, and 5/3 of the population lived in the places where had mono ethno - cultural structure. Nevertheless, the statistical analyses indicate that this ethnic composition did not have a connection with economic development in places where were in the outside of Istanbul. In the other words, ethno – cultural structure shaped with historical process and settlement policies rather than with economy. Furthermore, that the cities located in the borders of today’s Turkish Republic had heavily mono and had partly dual dominant ethno cultural structure made the constitution of nation-state easy. By means of this mono-ethnic estate, the appropriation of the principle of secularism and the use of Turkish as educational language sufficed to achieve national structure.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Osmanlı imparatorluğu, diğer imparatorluklar gibi çok sayıda etnik cemaatin bir arada yaşadığı kozmopolitan etno-kültürel yapıya sahip bir devletti. Ancak bu yapı, imparatorluğun her yeri için geçerli değildi. Yapılan istatistiksel uygulamalar göstermektedir ki nüfusun yedide biri kozmopolitan etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde, üçte biri ikili etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde, beşte üçü ise mono etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde yaşıyordu. Yine yapılan istatistiksel uygulamalar göstermektedir ki, bu etnik kompozisyonun, İstanbul dışındaki yerlerde iktisadi kalkınma ile bağlantısı yoktu. Diğer bir deyişle etno – kültürel yapı, ekonomiyle değil tarihsel süreçle ve yerleşim politikalarıyla şekillenmişti. Ayrıca günümüz Türkiye Cumhuriyeti sınırlarında kalan vilayetlerin ağırlıklı olarak mono, kısmen de ikili dominant etno - kültürel yapıya sahip oluşu, ulus devletin oluşturulmasını da kolaylaştırmaktaydı. Bu mono - etnik miras sayesinde, Türkiye’ de ulusal yapının başarılmasında laiklik ilkesinin benimsenmesi ve eğitim dilinin Türkçe olarak belirlenip uygulanması yeterli olmuştur.
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