You are here

Home » Content

Meme hastalıklarına yaklaşım: "Meme kanseri için risk değerlendirmesi ve tarama stratejileri"

Approach to common breast diseases: risk evaluation and screening strategies for breast cancer

Journal Name:

  • Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2008
DOI: 
doi:10.2399/tahd.08.009

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
During the last decade, both the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer have declined. Population based mammography screening has contributed to this improvement. Large scale screening studies have reported that a 25-30% decrease in breast cancer specific mortality was seen when women underwent programmed mammographic screening. Nevertheless, the awareness of women has contributed to this achievement beyond these efforts. Since 2002, significant decrease in the inci¬dence of newly diagnosed breast cancer has also been observed, overwhelmingly in postmenapousal women. Less prescribing the hormone replacement thought to be the primary factor for this decline, since this therapy was shown to increase the risk of breast cancer in postmenapousal women. These improvements made risk factors and their assessment for breast cancer a nec¬essary issue. After the studies which reported that chemopreven-tion and risk reducing surgery significantly decrease the risk of developing breast cancer, risk assessment and counselling became an important health service in countries with high inci¬dence of the disease. In this review, the author will provide expla¬nation about how each factor should be regarded in risk assess¬ment and the pitfalls of counselling a women with high risk. Furthermore, the details of national screening guidelines for breast cancer in Turkey will be given.
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Meme kanseri insidansı ve bu kansere bağlı ölüm oranları son on yılda düşmüştür. Ölüm oranının azalmasının nedenleri arasında meme kanserini daha erken evrede tanıyabilmek için yapılan ma-mografik taramanın etkinliği gösterilmektedir. Taramanın meme kanserine bağlı ölüm oranını %25-30 oranında azalttığı saptanmıştır. Ancak ölüm oranının azalmasında bu kanser hakkındaki farkındalığın artması da etkili olmaktadır. Ölüm oranının azalması¬nın ötesinde son beş yıldır meme kanseri insidansında da belirgin bir düşüş kayıt edilmektedir. Bu düşüş daha çok postmenapozal kadınlarda göze çarpmaktadır. Bu durum postmenapozal kadınla¬rın hormon replasman tedavisini eskisi kadar yaygın olarak kullan¬mamasına bağlanmaktadır. Bu gelişmeler kadınların meme kanse¬ri için varolan risklerinin saptanması ve mümkün ise bu risk faktör¬lerini yaşamlarından uzaklaştırmaları konusunu gündeme getir¬mektedir. Bugün dünyada meme kanseri insidansının yüksek oldu¬ğu ülkelerde "risk analizi ve danışmanlığı" rutin sağlık hizmeti içe¬risinde yerini almaktadır. Bu ünitelerde kadınların rasyonel risk öl¬çümleri yapılmakta ve risk düzeylerine göre tavsiyelerde bulunul¬maktadır. Etkin risk azaltıcı yöntemler arasında kemoprevensiyon ve profilaktik ameliyatlar yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede sağlıklı ka¬dınları meme kanseri riski açısından değerlendirilerek, kimlerin risk analizi ve danışmanlığına ihtiyacı olduğunu ayırt etmesine yardımcı olacak bilgiler verilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca ortalama riske sa¬hip kadınlara uygulanması tavsiye olunan ulusal tarama standart¬larımız aktarılacaktır.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastrmx_116859_12_pp_9-17.pdf
  • 1
9-17
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

1.
İzmi
r Kanser İzlem ve Denetim Merkezi. İzmir'in kanser verileri http://www.ism.gov.tr/kidem/Tdoc3.htm adresinden 20/01/2008 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
2. Costantino JP, Gail MH, Pee D ve ark. Validation studies for models projecting the risk of invasive and total breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 1541-8.
3. Claus EB, Risch N, Thompson WD. Autosomal dominant inheritance of early onset breast cancer. Implications for risk prediction. Cancer 1994;
73: 643-51.
4. Domchek SM, Eisen A, Calzone K, Stopfer J, Blackwood A, Weber BL. Application of breast cancer risk prediction models in clinical practice. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 593-601.
5. Gotzsche PC, Nielsen M. Screening of breast cancer with mammog-raphy. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No:
CD001877. DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD001877. pub2.
6. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL ve ark. Tamoxifen for the pre¬vention of breast cancer: current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study. J Natl Cancer Inst2005; 97: 1652-62.
7. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL ve ark. Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifen on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disea¬se outcomes. The NSABP study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR) P-2
trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 2727-41.
8. Lostumbo L, Carbine N, Wallace J, Ezzo J. Prophylactic mastectomy for the prevention of breast cancer. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews 2004, Issue
4. Art. No: CD002748. DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD002748.pub2.
9. Singletary SE. Rating the risk factors for breast cancer. Ann Surg 2003;
237: 474-82.
10. Güllüoğlu BM. Risk factors. Essentials in the Management of Breast Di-seases'da. Ed. Gazioğlu E. Bucharest, Celcius Medical Publishing, 2005;
131-45.
11. Chen S, Parmigiani G. Meta-analysis of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 penetran-
ce. J Clin Oncol2007; 25: 1329-33.
12. Begg CB, Haile RW, Borg A ve ark. Variation of breast cancer risk among
BRCA 1 / 2 carriers. JAMA 2008; 299: 194-201.
13. Tai YC, Domchek S, Parmigiani G, Chen S. Breast cancer risk among male BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst2007; 99:
1811-4.
14. Rosen PP, Kosloff C, Lieberman PH, Adair F, Braun DW Jr. Lobular
carcinoma in situ of the breast. Detailed analysis of 99 patients with ave¬rage follow up of 24 years. Am J Surg Pathol 1978; 2: 225-51.
15. Marshall LM, Hunter DJ, Connolly JL ve ark. Risk of breast cancer asso¬ciated with atypical hyperplasia of lobular and ductal types. Cancer Epide¬miol Biomarkers Prev 1997; 6: 297-301.
16. Dengim AC, Visscher DW, Berman HK ve ark. Stratification of breast cancer risk in women with atypia: a Mayo cohort study. J Clin Oncol 2007;
25: 2671-7.
17. Clemons M, Loijens L, Goss P. Breast cancer risk following irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Treatment Review 2000; 26: 291-302.
18. T.C.
Sağlı
k Bakanlığı. "Kadınlarda meme kanseri taramaları için ulusal standartlar". http://www.saglik.gov.tr/KSBD/BelgeGoster.aspxPF6E10
F8892433CFFA79D6F5E6C1B43FFC4A2D2A4E39A6168 adresinden
20.01.2008
tarihind
e erişilmiştir.
19. Robson M, Offit K. Management of an inherited predisposition to breast
cancer. N Eng J Med 2007; 357; 154-62.
20. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast cancer. Familial bre¬ast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiolo-gical studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 wo¬men without the disease. Lancet 2001; 358: 1389-99.
E
>5
LU O H
16
Güllüoğlu BM | Meme hastalıklarına yaklaşım: "Meme kanseri için risk değerlendirmesi ve tarama stratejileri"
21. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Hunter DJ ve ark. Family history, age, and risk of breast cancer: prospective data from the Nurses' Health Study. JAMA
1993; 270: 338-43.
22. Rosen PP, Groshen S, Kinne DW, Hellman S. Contralateral breast car¬cinoma: an assessment of risk and prognosis in stage I (T1N0M0) and sta¬ge II (T1N1M0) patients with 20-year follow-up. Surgery 1989; 106: 904¬10.
23. Tamimi RM, Byrne C, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE. Endogeneous hor¬mone levels, mammographic density and subsequent risk of breast cancer in postmenapousal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99: 1178-87.
24. Brinton LA, Schairer C, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF Jr. Menstrual factors and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Invest 1988; 6: 245-154.
25. Eisen A, Lubinsky J, Klinj J ve ark. Breast cancer risk following bilateral ooferectomy in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers: an international case-control study. J Clin Oncol2005; 23: 7461-96.
26. Rossouw JE. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy post-menopausal women: principal results from the women's health initiative
randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-33.
27. Ursin G, Bernstein L, Wang Y ve ark. Reproductive factors and risk of breast carcinoma in a study of white and African-American women. Can¬cer 2004; 101: 353-62.
28. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epide-miological studes in 30 countries, including 50,302 women with breast can¬cer and 96,973 women without the disease. Lancet2002; 360: 187-95.
29. Ellison RC. Exploring the relation of alcohol consumption to risk of bre¬ast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:740.
30. Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z ve ark. Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13: 741-51.
31. Gammon MD, John EM, Britton JA. Recreational and occupational physical activities and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:
100-17.
32. Hartmann LC, Sellers TA, Frost MH ve ark. Benign breast disease and the risk of breast cancer. N Eng J Med 2005; 353: 229-37.
33. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Alcohol, to¬bacco and breast cancer-colloborative re-analysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer2002; 87: 1234-45.
34. Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, Wilson HG ve ark. Oral contraceptives
and the risk of breast cancer. N Eng J Med2002; 346: 2025-32.
35. Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Adami HO ve ark. Types of dietary fat and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Int J Cancer 2001;
92: 767-74.
36. Missmer SA, Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D ve ark. Meat and dairy fo¬od consumption and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Int
J Epidemiol2002; 31: 78-85.
37. Mahue-Giangreco M, Ursin G, Sullivan-Halley J, Bernstein L. Induced abortion, miscarriage, and breast cancer risk of young women. Cancer Epi¬demiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12: 209-14.
38. Twombly R. Long Island study finds no link between pollutants and bre¬ast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 1348-51.
39. Armstrong K, Eisen A. Eeber B. Assessing the risk of breast cancer. N Eng
J Med2000; 342: 564-71.
40. American Society of Clinical Oncology Policy Statement Update: genetic testing for cancer susceptibility. J Clin Oncol 2003; 12: 2397-406.
41. US Preventive Services Task Force. Genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility: recommen¬dation statement. Ann Intern Med2005; 143: 35561.
42. Tchou J, Morrow M. Available models for breast cancer risk assessment: how accurate are they? J Am Coll Surg 2003; 197: 1029-35.
43. Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP ve ark. Projecting individualized proba¬bilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being exa¬mined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81: 1879-86.
44. Nelson HD, Huffman LH, Fu R, Harris EL. Genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility: syste¬mic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann In¬tern Med2005; 143: 362-79.
45. Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Mayo MS, Khan SA. Breast tissue sampling for risk assessment and prevention. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2005; 12: 185¬213.
46. Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, King EB ve ark. Breast cancer incidence in women with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. Am J
Epidemiol1992; 135: 130-41.
47. Hollingsworth AB, Singletary SE, Morrow M ve ark. Current compre¬hensive assessment and management of women at increased risk for bre¬ast cancer. Am J Surg2004; 187: 349-62.
48. Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N ve ark. The decrease in breast-cancer
incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Eng J Med2007; 356: 1670-4.
49. Hendrick RE, Klabunde C, Grivegnee A, Pos G, Ballard-Barbash R. Technical quality control practices in mammography screening programs in 22 countries. Int J Qual Health Care 2002; 14: 219-26.
50. Piccart M, Blamey R, Buchanan M ve ark. Brussels statement on breast cancer. Eur J Cancer2001; 37: 1335-7.
51. Elmore JG, Armstrong K, Lehman CD, Fletcher SW. Screening for bre¬ast cancer. JAMA 2005; 293: 1245-56.
52. Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W ve ark. American Cancer Society guideli¬nes for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA
Cancer J Clin 2007; 57: 75-89.
53. Houssami N, Brennan M, French J, Fitzgerald P. Breast imaging in ge¬neral practice. Aust Fam Physician 2005; 34: 467-73.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com