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ÇOK DÜŞÜK FREKANSLI ELEKTROMANYETİK RADYASYON VE SAĞLIK ETKİLERİ

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetıc Radıatıon and Health Effects

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Abstract (2. Language): 
There are biologic effects of non-ionizing radiation by means of heating, chemical reaction changes, induction of electric current in cells and tissues. The purpose of the study is to investigate the health effects of extremely low frequencies in the range of 3-3000 Hz. Humans are exposed to electromagnetic fields in changing levels generated by human made sources in addition to static magnetic field of earth in the range 25 - 65μT. Exposure changes depending on living conditions and occupations. In urban environments of different countries, exposure at high levels has been defined. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields has been classified in group 2B which is the category of limited evidence of carcinogenity in humans and insufficient evidence of corcinogenity in experimental animals by The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). A large number of studies investigating electromagnetic field exposure and the health effects of it focused on particularly cancer, reproductive health, diseases caused by nevre tissue necrosis and hearth diseases. The most significant one among those is the studies regarding childhood leukemia. According to the general opinion, childhood leukemia risk increases two times by exposure to electromagnetic fields at or above 0,4 μT. The studies signified that inhabitants living close to high voltage power lines are under more health risk. There is a need to develop detailed studies in order to determine the health effects of electromagnetic fields. In order to avoid from exposure to electromagnetic fields, besides urban planning, architectural and electrical projects of the buildings should be prepared by choosing the appropriate and right technology. The exposure should be determined and evaluated and protection programs should be regulated based on legal ground.
Abstract (Original Language): 
İyonlaştırmayan Radyasyonun ısınma, kimyasal reaksiyon değişimleri, hücreler ve dokularda elektrik akımının indüklenmesi yoluyla biyolojik etkileri vardır. Çalışmanın amacı 3-3000 Hz aralığındaki çok düşük frekanslı elektromanyetik radyasyonun sağlık etkilerini incelemektir. İnsanlar yerkürenin 25-65μT arasında statik manyetik alanına ek olarak insan yapımı kaynaklardan değişen seviyelerde elektromanyetik alan maruziyeti altındadır. Maruziyet yaşam koşulları ve mesleğe göre değişmektedir. Değişik ülkelerde kentsel alanda yüksek maruziyet seviyeleri tanımlanmıştır. Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Merkezi (IARC) çok düşük frekanslı manyetik alanı insanda sınırlı kanıta sahip kanserojen ve hayvan deneylerinde yeterli kanserojen olarak tanımlanan grup 2B’de sınıflandırmıştır. Elektromanyetik alan maruziyeti ile sağlık etkilerini inceleyen çok sayıdaki çalışma özellikle kanser, üreme sağlığı, sinir dokusu bozulması ile seyreden hastalıklar ve kalp hastalılarına odaklanmıştır. Bunlar içinde en dikkat çekeni çocukluk çağı lösemileri ile ilgili çalışmalardır. Genel kanı 0,4 μT ve üstündeki maruziyetlerde çocukluk çağı lösemilerinin 2 kat arttığıdır. Çalışmalar yüksek gerilim hatlarına yakın yaşayanlarda sağlık riskinin daha fazla olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Elektromanyetik alanın sağlık etkilerinin saptanması için kapsamlı çalışmalara gereksinim vardır. Elektromanyetik alanların maruziyetinden korunmak için kentsel planlamanın yanı sıra yapıların mimari ve elektrik projelerinin uygun ve doğru teknolojiye göre hazırlanması gereklidir. Maruziyet belirlenmeli, değerlendirilmeli ve korunma programları yasal zeminde düzenlenmelidir.
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