Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia

Aalen, Lovise (2002): Ethnic Federalism in a Dominant Party State: The Ethiopian Experience 1991-2000.
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. Development Studies and Human Rights, Bergen.
Aalen,Lovise (2006): “Ethnic Federalism and self Determination for Nationalities in s Semi-
Authoritarian State: the Case of Ethiopia.” International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 13 (2-3), pp. 243-261.
Abate Nikodimos Alemayehu (Fall 2004): Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia: Challenges and
Opportunities, Faculty of Law, University of Lund (Master thesis).
Abbink, Jon (1997): “Ethnicity and Constitutionalism in Contemporary Ethiopia.” Journal of
African Law, 41: 159-174.
Abbink, Jon (1993): “Ethnic Conflict in the ‘Tribal Zone:’ The Dizi and Suri in Southern
Ethiopia,” Journal of Modern African Studies, XXXI, 4 P. 675
Abbink, J. (1997): “Ethnicity and constitutionalism in contemporary Ethiopia”, Journal of
African Law, 4th Quarter.
Abbink, J. (2006): Ethnicity and Conflict Generation in Ethiopia: Some Problems and Prospects of Ethno-Regional Federalism. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 24 (3): 389-406.
Adele-Jinadu, L., (1994): ‘Federalism and the Structure of Nigerian Federation: Some
Recurrent Issues’, The Nigerian Journal of Federalism, Vol.1, No.2, December.
Addis Digest (July 1995): “Focus of the Month: The Ethnic Problem in Ethiopia,” No. 4,
GRAPECA, Bonn.
Addis Digest (September-October 1995): “Focus: Ethnic Federation: Reality, Rhetoric and
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
26
Risks”, No.6/7, GRAPECA, Bonn.
Addis Tribune (2 March 2001): “Over 100 killed in East Wollega” EHRCO says Ethnic
Religious Conflict Reach Serious Stage.”
Agbu, Osita (2004): “Re-Inventing Federalism in Post- Transition Nigeria: Problems and
prospects”, Africa Development, Vol. XXIX, No. 2, pp. 26-52.
Ake, Clude (1996): Democracy and Development in Africa, Washington DC: Brooking
Institute.
Alem Habtu (2003): Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia: Background, Present Conditions and
Future Prospects. Paper Submitted to the Second EAF International Symposium on Contemporary Development Issues in Ethiopia, July 11-12, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Almendral, Violeta Ruiz (2002):”Fiscal Federalism in Spain: the Assignment of Taxation
Powers to the Autonomous Communities,” Presented at the Comparative Fiscal Federalism Conferenceorganized by the University of Birmingham, with the support of the Canadian High Commission (London), the Forum of Federations (Ottawa) and the Research in Brussels program of Brussels-City Region. January 18th 2002.
Andargachew Tsige (1997 EC): “Netsanet yemayawk netsa awchi” (“Freedom Fighter with
out Freedom”)
Anderson, Benedict (1983): Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of
Nationalism. London: Verso
AP (Associated Press) (28 February 2001): Human right group: 100 killed, 10900 displaced
by the fighting in Western Ethiopia”
ARB (Africa Research Bulletin): Political, Social and Cultural Series (September 1999),
“Ethiopia: OLF Defeated? Vol. 36, No.8.
Asmal, Kader (1990): Constitutional Issues for A Free South Africa: Decentralization of a
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
27
Unitary State, Transformation 13, pp.81-95.
Assefa Fiseha (2007): Federalism and the Accommodation of Diversity in Ethiopia. A
Comparative Study. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers.
Awolowo-Dosunmu (1994): ‘Observations on Nigerian Federalism’, The Nigerian Journal of Federalism, Vol.1, No.1, June.
Bayart, J.-F. (1993): The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly, (Longman, New York).
BBC (16 December 2003): “Violent Land Clashes in Ethiopia”
BBC (4 February 2004): “Western Ethiopia tense after clashes”
BBC (25 April 2007): Q & A: Ethiopia’s ONLF rebels
BBC (26 April 2007): “Ethiopia rescue attempt warning”
BBC (23 July 1999): “The Somali connection”
BBC (31 January 2001): “Ethiopia: Amhara Nationals Being evacuated form Western
District”
BBC (5 July 2000): “Ogaden Opposition radio on air”
BBC (15 September 2006): Ethiopian officers join rebels’
BBC (5 July 2002): Oromo rebels deny Ethiopian ‘victory’”
BBC (19 August 1999): “Ethiopia says Oromo rebels crushed)
BBC (3 December 1997): “Ethiopia charges 31 over suspected rebel attacks”
Bednar, Jenna (7 September 2006): The Robust Federation. University of Michigan; Dept. of
Political science
Berhanu Gutema Balcha (2008): “Ethnicity and restructuring of the state in Ethiopia,”
DIIPER Research Series, Working Paper No. 6.
Berhanu Nega 1998 EC: Yenetsanet Goh Siked. Likelebes Yetemokerew Ye Ethiopia
Democracy (in Amharic) (“The Dawn of Freedom”)
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
28
Börzel, Tanja A. (n.d): University of Heidenberg. “Federalism is dead-Long live Federalism”.
EPS forum: Debating Federalism and Constitutionalism in European Union.
Brancati, Dawn (2006): Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism,” International Organization, 60(3), 651-685.
Brietzke, Paul (1995): “Ethiopia’s Leap into the Dark”: Federalism and Self-determination in
the New Constitution.” Journal of African Law, Vol. 40.
Brosio, Giorgio (October 2000): Decentralization in Africa.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/seminar/2000/fiscal/brosio.pdf
Broschek, Jörg (2007): “Federalism and Political Change: Germany and Canada in Historical-Institutionalist Perspective” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, May 30 – June 1, 2007.
Bunce, Valerie (1999): Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism
and the State. Cambridge University Press.
Buchheit, Lee (1978): Secession: The Legitimacy of Self-Determination. New Haven,
Conn.: Yale University Press.
Cameron, Maxwell A. And Tulia G. Falleti (2004): “Federalism and the Separation of
Powers at The Subnational Level, “Prepared for Delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of The American Political Science Association, September 2 - September 5, 2004.
Chabal, Patric and J.P. Daloz (1999): Africa Works. Disorder as Political Instrument. Oxford: James Currey.
Chandhoke, Neera (September 2006): ‘A State of One’s Own’: Secessionism and Federalism
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
29
in India, Working Paper no. 80, Crisis States Research Centre, Crisis State Programme, Working paper Series, No. 1.
Coakley, John (2000): The Territorial Management of Ethnic Conflict. London: Frank Cass
Cohen, John M. and Stephan B. Peterson (1999): Administrative Decentralization: Strategies
for Developing Countries. West Hartford, CN: Kumarian press.
Cohen, J.M. (1995): “Ethnic federalism” in Ethiopia. Northeast African studies, 2, pp.157-
188. "Constitution of the [Chinese] Soviet Republic" November 7, 1931, in Brandt, Conrad, Benjamin Schwartz, and John Fairbank, A Documentary History of Chinese
Communism (London: Allen and Unwin, 1952), p. 220.
Daily Monitor (19 July 2005): “Gabra, Guji Conflict Displaces over 43,000.”
De Silva, Kingsley M. (1986): Managing Ethnic Tensions in Multi-Ethnic Societies, Lanham: University of America.
Duchacek, Ivo (1977): ‘Antagonistic Cooperation: Territorial and Ethnic Communities’,
Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 7(4), Fall, 8-9.
Egwu, Samuel (2003): ‘Ethnicity and Citizenship Rights in the Nigerian Federal State’, in
Gana and Egwu (eds) Federalism in Africa, vol. 2, NJ: Africa World Press Inc.
Elaigwu, J. I., (1994): ‘Ethnicity and the Federal Option in Africa’, The Nigerian Journal of
Federalism, 1(1), June.
Elazar, Daniel (1987a): “Foreword.” In: The Political Theory of the Compound Republic:
Designing the American Experiment, Vincent Ostrom, (Ed) 2nd ed. rev.
Elazar DJ. (1987b): Exploring Federalism. Tuscaloosa: Univ. Alabama Press.
Elazar DJ. (1993): International and comparative federalism. PS: Polit. Sci. Polit. 26(2): 190-
195.
Elazar DJ, (Ed). (1994): Federal Systems of the World. Harlow, UK: Longman Group. xxi,
2nd Ed.
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
30
Ellingsen, Tanja (2000): Colorful Community or Ethnic Witches’ Brew? Multiethnicity and
Domestic Conflict During and after the Cold War. In: Journal of Conflict Resolution: Journal of the Peace Science Society (International). Sage Publications Ltd., Vol. 44(2), pp. 228-249.
Engedayehu, Walle (1993): “Ethiopia: Democracy and the Politics of Ethnicity.” Africa
Today, 2nd Quarter, pp. 29-30.
Erk, Jan (Winter 2004): Austria: “A Federation without Federalism,” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 34(1), 1-20.
Ethiopia Zare (10 April 2008): Be Bale University Haya temariwoch tegedelu (“20 students
killed in Bale university”)
Ethiopia Zare (09 June 2008): “Bewelegaw Gicht Yemotut Ke 250 yibeltalu” (“More than 250 killed in Wollega conflict”)
Evans-Pritchard, E.E. (1951): Kinship and Marriage among the Nuer. (Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Fedosov, Pyotr (2002): “Theoretical Aspects of Federation in Russia,” in: Federation in
Russia, Rafael Khakimov (Ed.), Donald J. and Natalia Dolgova Jacobsen (Trans.). Kazan, pp. 12-19.
Fillippov, Mikhail, Peter C. Ordeshook, Olga Shvetsova (2004): Designing Federalism: A
Theory of Self-Sustainable Federal Institutions. Cambridge University Press.
Fleiner, Lidija R. Basta (2000): ‘Can Ethnic Federalism Work?’- Paper for the Conference on “Facing Ethnic Conflicts”, Bonn, Germany 14-16, December 2000 - Centre for
Development Research (ZEF Bonn).
Ghai, Yash (2000): Autonomy and Ethnicity Negotiating Competing Claims in Multi-ethnic
States. New York: Cambridge. University press.
Gebrehiwet Tesfai Barki (August, 2006): “Ethiopia: Is Multy – Ethnicity Federalism
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
31
Feasible? Challenges and Prospects.” Institute of Federalism, Friburg University.
Gérard, Marcel (2001): “Fiscal Federalism in Belgium,” Conference on Fiscal Imbalance,
Québec City, September 13-14, 2001.
Gurr, Ted Robert (1994): “Peoples against States: Ethnopolitical Conflict and the Changing
World System,” in: International Studies Quarterly. Blackwell Publishers, No. 38.
Gurr, T. Robert and Barbara Harff (1994): Ethnic Conflict in World Politics, Oxford.
Hagmann, Tobias and Mohamad H. Khalif (2006) Bildhaan: An International Journal of
Somali studies, Vol.6, pp.25-49.
Hameso Y. Seyoum (1997) Ethnicity in Africa: Towards a Positive Approach, London: TSC
publications.
Hassen, Mohamed (1999): “Ethiopia: Missed Opportunities for peaceful Democratic
Process.” In: State-building and Democratization in Africa. Kidane Mengistiab and Cyril Daddeh (Eds.). Westport, CN: Praeger. Hechter, Michael. 2000. Containing Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hechter, Michael (2000): Containing Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Helland-Hansen, Kristian (27 February 2007): “Peace be Upon You: The Relevance of
Religion to violent Conflict”. Dept. of Political Science, University of Oslo
Henz, Paul B. (1998): “Is Ethiopia Democratic? A political Success story.” Journal of
Democracy 9: 40-54.
Horowitz, Donald (1997): “Ethnic conflict Management for policy Makers.” In:
Conflict and peacemaking in multi ethnic states. Joseph V. Montville (Ed.). New York: Lexington Books.
Huntington, Samuel (1993a): The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth
Country. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Huntington, Samuel P. (1993b): “Political Development in Ethiopia: A Peasant-based
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
32
Dominant-Party Democracy.” Report to USAID/Ethiopia on consultation with the Constitutional Commission, March 28 to April 1, 1993, pp., 14-16.
ICG (26 Jan. 2007): Somalia: The Tough Part is Ahead, in: Africa Briefing, No. 45,
Nairobi/Brussels.
IRIN (1 November 2005): “Police attacked in troubled Western region”.
IRIN (13 December 2007):”Healing the Scars of conflict”
IRIN (22 December 2003): “56 Arrested after ethnic killings”
IRIN (6 February 2004): “Ethnic violence leaves 18 dead in the east.”
IRIN (14 June 2006):” Ethnic Conflict claims 100 lives in the South”
IRIN (12 March 2003): “Government blamed for ethnic conflict”
IRIN (19 June 2006): “Thousands displaced in clashes over land in the South”
IRIN (5 July 2002): “Ethnic Conflict Worsening Afar food crisis”
Jinadu, L. Adele (September 2002): “Ethnic Conflict of Federalism in Nigeria”. ZEF-
Discussion papers on Development Policy, Bonn, Nov. 49.
Khakimov, Rafael (2002): “Forword” in: Federation in Russia, Rafael Khakimov (Ed.),
Donald J. and Natalia Dolgova Jacobsen (Trans.). Kazan, pp. 7-9.
Keller, Edmond J. (June 2002): “Ethnic Federalism, Fiscal Reform, Development and
Democracy in Ethiopia,” African Journal of political science (formerly African Journal of Political Economic), Vol. 7, No.1, pp. 21-50.
Keller, Edmond (1998): “Transitional Ethnic Conflicts in Africa.” In: The International spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation.
Kidane Mengisteab (1997): “New Approaches to State Building in Afirca: The case of
Ethiopia’s ethnic based federalism.” African Studies Review 40, pp.111-132.
Kidane Mengisteab (1999): “Ethiopia’s Ethnic-based federalism: State-Building or Empire
Reviving? “Unpublished paper.
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
33
Kimenyi, Mwangi (1998): “Harmonizing Ethnic Claims in Africa; A proposal for Ethnic-
Based Federalism,” Cato Journal, 18(1), 43-63.
Kimenyi, M. S. (1997): Ethnic Diversity, Liberty and the State: The African Dilemma,
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
King P. (1982): Federalism and Federation. London: Croom Helm.
Kreptul, Andrie (2003): “The Constitutional Right of Secession in political Theory and
History,” Journal of Libertarian Studies, 17(4), 39-100
Kymlicka, Will (1998): “Is federalism a viable alternative to secession? In: Theories of
Secession. Percy M. Lehning (Ed.). London: Routledge.
Kymlicka, Will (2006): “Emerging Western Models of Multination Federalism: Are they
Relevant for Africa? In: David Turton (Ed), Ethnic Federalism: The Ethiopian Experience in Comparative Perspective, Addis Ababa University Press and James Currey Publishers, 2006, pp. 32-64.
Levine, Donald (1974): The Evolution of the Multi-Ethnic Society. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Levine, Donald (2008): Public action and Democracy. The Reporter, Sat, Jan 19, 2008, p. 11.
Lijphart, Arend (1977): Democracy in Plural Societies, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Lijphart, Arend (1999): Patterns of Democracy. USA: Yale University Press
Lijphart, Arend (2002): ‘The Wave of Power-Sharing Democracy’, in: Andrew Reynolds
(Ed.) The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lustick, Ian S., Dan Miodownik, and Roy J. Eidelson (2004): Secessionism in
Multicultural States: Does Sharing Power Prevent or Encourage It? American Political Science Review, 98(2), (May).
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
34
Mamdani, Mahmood (2005): ‘Political identity, citizenship and ethnicity in postcolonial
Africa’. A keynote address in Arusha conference, “New frontiers of social policy” –
December 12-15, 2005.
Maiti, Prasenjit (2002): Major changes for India’s constitution? Federations, 2(4), June/July.
Mattei, Ugo (1995): “The New Ethiopian Constitution: First thoughts on ethnical federalism
and the reception of Western Institutions.” In: Grande, Elisabetta (Ed.). Transplants Innovation and Legal Tradition in the Horn of Africa. Torino: L’harmattan Italia.
Mazrui, Ali (April 1994): The Bondage of Boundaries. IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin, Pp. 61-63.
Merera Gudina (2003): Ethiopia: Competing Ethnic Nationalisms and the Quest for
Democracy, 1960-2000. Addis Ababa: Chamber Printing Press.
Merera Gudina (2006): Contradictory Interpretations of Ethiopian History: the Need for a New Consensus. In: Turton, D. (ed.): Ethnic Federalism. The Ethiopian Experience in Comparative Perspective, Oxford: James Currey, pp. 119-130.
Mohammed Hassan (1999): “Ethiopia: missed opportunities for PeacefulDemocratic process.” State Building and Democratization in Africa: Kidane Mengisetab and Cyril Daddieh (Eds.). Westport: Praeger.
Momoh, Abubakar (1999): ‘Problemitizing the Issues and Politics in Civil Society’s notion
of Federalism in Nigeria’, AFRIGOV Conference on New Directions in Federalism in Africa, March 14-18, Abuja.
Monahan, Patrick J., and Michael J. Bryant (June 1996): “Coming to Terms with Plan B: Ten Principles Governing Secession.” With Nancy C. Cote. C.D. Howe Institute Commentary 83.
Mueller, Dennis C. (n.d): “Federalism: A Constitutional Perspective.” Charles B. and
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
35
Dennis C. Mueller (Eds.)
National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDIA) and the African American
Institute (AAI). (1992): An Evaluation of the June 21, 1992 Elections in Ethiopia.
Negussay Ayele (2006): “Meles Zenawi and Etrhiitorpeia”

Negussay Ayele (30 June 2007): “On the Identity of PM Meles Zenawi and His TPLF Regime in Ethiopia”

Nordlinger, Eric (1972): Conflict Regulation in Divided Societies, Cambridge: Centre for
International Affairs, Harvard University.
Nyong’o, P. Anyang’ (2002): “The Study of African Politics. A Critical Appreciation of a
Heritage”. Heinrich Böll Foundation. Regional Office for East and Horn of Africa.
Nairobi. p. 101.
O’Leary, Brendan (2002): ‘Federations and the Management of nations: Agreement and
arguments with Walker Connor and Ernest Gellner’, in Daniele Conversi (ed.)
24 Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the study of
nationalism, London and New York: Routledge, pp 153-183.
Osaghae, Eghosa E. (2006): ‘Ethnicity and the State in Africa’, Afro Asian centre for Peace
and Development Studies. Ryukoku University.
Osaghae, Eghosa E. (2004): “Federalism and the Management of Diversity in Africa.”
Identity, Culture and Politics, 5(1&2), 162-178.
Ostrom, Vincent (1989): “Courts and Collectivities.” Paper prepared for a Conference on
Public Choice and the Judiciary, Utah State University,
Ottaway, Marina (1995): “The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
36
Authoritarianism”. Northeast African Studies 2: 64-84.
Ottaway, Marina (1994): Democratization and ethnic nationalism: African and Eastern
European Experiences. Washington DC: Overseas Development Council.
PANA (Pan African News Agency) (28 February 2001): “Ethnic Clashes Claim 100 Lives”
Paul, James C.N (2000): “Ethnicity and the New Constitutional Orders in Ethiopia and Eritrea In: Ghai, Yash (Ed,) Autonomy and Ethnicity: Negotiating Competing Claims in Multi-ethnic States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
PANA (Pan African News Agency) (28 February 2001): “Ethnic Clashes Claim 100 Lives”
Pätz, Tom (n.d): Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Forum of Federations.
Pausewang, Siegfried, Kjetil Tronvoll, Lovis Aalen (Eds.) (2002): Ethiopia Since the Derg: A Decade of Democratic Pretension and Performance. London: ZED Books.
Ranger, T. (1983): 'The Invention of Tradition in Africa,' in E. J. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger
(eds.), The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Reporter (28 May 2008):” Bewelga gichit yetekesetew sebawi gudat Enditrara leparlama
tiyake kerebe” (“A Request to Enquire about the human causality in Wollega Conflict”)
Reporter (09 April 2008a): “Bekililoch Bezendrow amet 28 Gichitoch tekestewal” (“In the
current year there were 28 conflicts in the regions”)
Reporter (09 April 2008b): “Bewendo Genet betekosekse Gichet Kehaya belay sewoch
tegadelu” (“In the Wondo Genet conflict more than 20 killed”
Reuters (9 April 2008): “Land clashes kill 18 in Ethiopia”
Reuters (4 November 2006): “Ethiopia’s OLF rebels call for Kenyan mediation.”
Riker, William H. (1955): “The Senate and American Federalism.” American Political
Science Review, 49(2):452–69.
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
37
Riker, William H. (1964): Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Riker, William and Peter Ordeshook (1968): “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting.” AmericanPolitical Science Review 62(1):25–42.
Roeder, Phillip G. (1991): Soviet Federalism and Ethnic Mobilization. World Politics, 43(2),
196-232.
Rüsch, P. and U. Kihm (2003): “The Federal System of Veterinary Services in Switzerland,”
Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 22 (2), 423-432.
Saideman, Stephen M., David J. Lanoue, Michael Campenni, and Samuel Stanton (2002):
Democratization, Political Institutions, and Ethnic Conflict: A Pooled Time-Series
Analysis, 1985-1998. Comparative Political Studies 35:1 (February).
Saxer, Urs W. (July 1992): “The Transformation of the Soviet Union: From a Socialist
Federation to a Commonwealth of Independent States.” Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Journal
Serra-Horguelin, Arnault (1999): “The Federal Experiment in Ethiopia: A Socio-political
Analysis”. Centre D’etude D’Afriquie Noire. No. 64.
Siebert, Stella (February 2003): “Federalism and multi-Ethnic Societies: Opportunities and
Limitations.” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). Colombo.
Stephan, Alfred (2001): Arguing Comparative Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Studlar, Donley T., and Kyle Christensen (October 2006): “Is Canada a Westminster or
Consensus Democracy? A Brief Analysis,” Journal: PS: Political Science and Politics, 37(4), pp. 837-841.
Snyder, Jack (1999): When Voting Leads to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist
Conflict. New York: Norton.
Sudan Tribune (12 April 2008): “Ethiopia’s ruling party accused of instigating clashes
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
38
between Oromo and Sidama”
Sudan Tribune (15 February 2004): “Ethnic tension threatens Ethiopia’s Stability”
Sudan Tribune (6 March 2004): “Ethiopian government apologizes for failing to avert ethnic
clashes”
Sudan Tribune (9 September 2006): “Ethiopian Security Crackdown on Oromo Students
escaliating”
Sudan Tribune (15 May 2008): “36 killed in tribal clashes in Southern Ethiopia”
Sudan Tribune (24 May 2008): “Hundred killed during clashes between Gumuz and Oromos
in Ethiopia”
Sudan Tribune (2 April 2008): “Ethiopia’s ONLF denies arrest of 8 rebels”
Sudan Tribune (13 June 2008): “Rights Watchdog accuses Ethiopia of human rights violence
in Ogaden”
Sudan Tribune (14 August 2006): “Ogaden ONLF denies capture of leading officials”
Sudan Tribune (17 March 2006): “Ethiopian rebels delegation meets Danish officials”
Sudan Tribune (30 August 2007): UN to examine needs, violence in Ethiopia’s Ogaden
Sudan Tribune (13 September 2005): “Ethiopian PM willing to open talks with rebel OLF
Sudan Tribune (11 December 2006): OLF urges Ireland to press for democratic change in
Ethiopia
Sudan Tribune ( 8 June 2005): “Oromo rebels say will not accept Ethiopian government victory”
Sudan Tribune ( 5 April 2007): “Oromo rebels kill 11 soldiers in northwest Ethiopia”.
The New York Times (13 June 2008): “Rebel with a cause”
Tronvoll, Kjetil (2000): Ethiopia: A New Start? Minority Rights Group International, UK
Tsegaye Regassa (2004): State Constitutions in Federal Ethiopia: A Preliminary Observation,
Teshome B., W., Záhořík, J., (2008). Federalism in Africa: The Case of Ethnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia.
International Journal of Human Sciences [Online]. 5:2. Available: http://www.insanbilimleri.com
39
A Summary for the Bellagio Conference, March 22-27, 2004.
Turton, D. (2005): “Four Questions about Ethiopia’s Federalism,” STAIR 1, No. 2, pp.88-
101.
Turton, D. (2006): Introduction. In: Turton, D. (ed.): Ethnic Federalism. The Ethiopian
Experience in Comparative Perspective, pp. 1-31. Oxford: James Currey.
Yeros, P. (1999): Ethnicity and Nationalism in Africa: Constructivist Reflections and
Contemporary Politics. Palgrave: Basingstoke Macmillan
Vaughan, Sarah (2003): Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia, the University of Edinburgh.
Vestal, T. (1999): Ethiopia: a post cold war state. Westport: Praeger.
Walle Egegahyehu (1997): “Ethiopia: the pit falls of Ethnic Federalism”. In: Issues and
Trends in Contemporary African Politics. Agbango G. (Ed.). New York: Peter Lang.
Watts, Ronald L. (1998): “Federalism, federal political systems, and federations” Annual
Review of Political Science, 1: 117-37.
Wheare, K. C. (1964): Federal Government, London, Oxford University Press.
Wonotanzokan, Tagowa, N. (1994): ‘The Structural Transformation of Nigeria’s Federal
Compact and Nation-Building’, The Nigerian Journal of Federalism, Vol.1, No.2, December.
Wondwosen Teshome B. (2008): “Ethnic Federalism and Minority Rights in Ethiopia: The
Case of Ethiopian Somali National Regional State. Paper presented at the conference,” “Tage der Kultur- und Sozialanthopologie 2008”, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria, 10-11 April 2008.
Wondwosen Teshome B., and Jerusalem Negash Wossene (2007): “The Culture of
Accommodation and Tolerance: Islam and Christianity in Ethiopia,” Paper Presented at KCTOS: Knowledge, Creativity and Transformations of Societies, held at Vienna, Austria, December 6-9, 2007.