Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a technique that focuses the development of products and processes on prioritized actions to reduce the risk of product field failures, and documents those actions and the review process. FMEA is used for the identification of potential error types in order to define its effect on the examined object (Product, Design, Service) and to classify the error types with regard to criticality or persistency. It addresses negative quality and is primarily concerned with potential events that can and will make the product fail. It involves identifying all potential failure modes, determining the end effect of each potential failure mode, and determining the criticality of that failure effect.
FMEAs are intended to result in preventative actions; they are not "after-the-fact" exercises done to satisfy a customer or obtain QS 9000 status. FMEAs can take many forms, but at the core, these analyses are used to study a particular system and determine how that system can be modified to improve overall reliability and avoid failures.
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